1. Medgar Evers – list 5 facts http://www.history.com/news/7-things- you-should-know-about-medgar-evers

2. Warm Up 2/22/16 In your opinion, how much influence should government have in our nation’s economy? Think about rules and regulations, taxes, jobs, minimum wage, insurance, transportation, government bail-outs, etc. Explain your opinion. In your opinion, how much influence should government have in our nation’s economy? Think about rules and regulations, taxes, jobs, minimum wage, insurance, transportation, government bail-outs, etc. Explain your opinion. http://www.dailykos.com/story/2012/3/29/1078852/-75-Ways-Socialism-Has-Improved-America

3. Socialism in the United States Medicare Medicare Medicaid Medicaid SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) Public Schools Public Schools Police Police Fire and Rescue Fire and Rescue Uninsured Medical Service Uninsured Medical Service Roads and infrastructure Roads and infrastructure Health services (Health Department) Health services (Health Department) Food inspections (FDA) Food inspections (FDA) Drug Approval (FDA) Drug Approval (FDA) Government services (any office in the courthouse, i.e. marriage licenses) and any other services that taxes normally pay for. Government services (any office in the courthouse, i.e. marriage licenses) and any other services that taxes normally pay for.

4. Chapter 22, Section 2 The Enlightenment in Europe

5. Essential Question Who developed the ideas that spurred on the Enlightenment and what was the legacy of this important era in history? Who developed the ideas that spurred on the Enlightenment and what was the legacy of this important era in history?

6. Setting the Stage In the wake of the Scientific Revolution—a new way of thinking by scientists, prompted philosophers and scholars to reevaluate old notions about society. They sought new ideas about the government, religion, economy and education. This spurred the Enlightenment, an intellectual movement that stressed reason, thought, and the power of the individual to solve problems.

7. Two Views of Government ► ►Thomas Hobbes expressed his views in the book, Leviathan (1651). Said the horrors of the English Civil War convinced him that all humans were selfish and wicked. ► ►He quotes without government, there would be “war…of every man against every man” and life would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.” ► ►To avoid this, people should hand all rights to a strong ruler for law and order called social contract. ► ►Monarchy is the best form of government to exercise social contract.

8. Two Views of Government cont… ► ►John Locke, a philosopher, medical researcher and physician believed that people could learn from experience and could improve themselves. ► ►Believed people had the natural ability to govern their own affairs. ► ►Hated the idea of a monarchy unlike Hobbes, into self- government.  All people born free & equal with three rights (life, liberty and property).  If government fails, one has right to overthrow it. Creates the solid principles of a democracy used today.

9. The Philosophes Advocate Reason ► The Enlightenment reached its height in France in the mid- 1700s. ► Paris was the center for politics and ideas. ► Social critics of the time were called philosophes—they applied reason to all aspects of life. ► Five concepts formed the basis of their beliefs: Reason Happiness Liberty NatureProgress

10. The Philosophes Advocate Reason cont… ► ►Voltaire—Francois Marie Arouet, the most brilliant of all French philosophes. Known to use satire to target the clergy, rich, and government. Fought for tolerance, reason, and freedom of religion/speech. Sent to prison twice. ► ►Montesquieu—studied political liberty. Said Britain was the best governed and politically-balanced country. Big on division of power. – –Executive power (monarch) – –Legislative power (Parliament) – –Judicial power (judges) The Philosophes Advocate Reason cont… “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.” “Power should be a check on power.”

11. ► ►Rousseau—big on independent freedom. Disagreed with many Enlightenment thinkers. Believed civilization (sciences) corrupted human goodness. – –Believed good government was a direct democracy—government straight from the people. ► ►Beccaria—focused on the justice system. Believed laws preserved social order, not to avenge crimes. – –Against capital punishment and torturing.

12. Women of the Enlightenment ► ► Mary Astell published A Serious Proposal to the Ladies. The book mentions the lack of educational opportunities for women. ► ► Astell states that “…if all men are born free, how is it that all women are born slaves?” ► Mary Wollstonecraft —wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women in 1792. She disagreed with Rousseau that women education should be secondary to men. ► Believed an education allowed women to be virtuous and useful in society. –Urged women to pursue medicine and politics.

13. Legacy Secular Outlook Secular Outlook –Question Beliefs and Church –Science Explained Mysteries –No Superstitions –Encourage Tolerance Belief in Progress –S–Scientific Discoveries –H–Human Reason Social Problems –E–End Slavery –S–Social Equality –D–Democratic Government Importance of Individual –Judge for Self Right, Wrong –Self-Interest Government Economy