1. Unit 1 Seeds of Change Ch. 6 Sections 1 and 2: Ideas About Government Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Ideas Supplement: Geography/Maps

2. QoD - What is the Purpose of Government? DEFINITION “The political direction and control exercised over the members of society” Government is necessary for the existence of a civilized society Ancient Greeks: “To improve the lives of the citizens”

3. European Government Through the 1700’s Monarchies most powerful ◦(Autocratic Rule) Great divide between the “haves” and “have-nots” Very little chance for people to change this What does science have to do with this change?

4. Scientific Revolution A new way of looking at the natural world, based on observation and a willingness to QUESTION accepted beliefs THE C HURCH ◦Loses a lot of power ◦WHY???  Explain…

5. Scientific Method A new, logical approach to collecting and analyzing data ◦PROOF vs BELIEF 1. Question 2. Hypothesis 3. Test 4. Analysis Heliocentric vs Geocentric Theories of the Universe Geocentric Heliocentric

6. As a result of the Scientific Revolution, People begin to question….. EVERYTHING! Even Their Governments!! “Is it logical that a king…”

7. QoD - WOULD YOU RATHER… Have your civil rights and freedoms OR Have Security and Protection? Can your government EFFECTIVELY provide both? “Those that desire to give up freedom in order to gain security will not have, nor do they deserve, either one.” Benjamin Franklin

8. The Age of Reason (The Enlightenment) Philosophers apply logic, reason and scientific approach to all other areas of life “Enlightened Thinkers” ◦The Philosophes ◦Enlightened Despots ◦The Enlightenment Ideas J.J. Rousseau

9. Enlightenment Ideas Liberty Equality Natural Rights Logic and reason There is Revolution on people’s minds ◦A CHANGE is gonna come No monarchy is safe

10. The Social Contract Thomas Hobbes People are selfish and greedy People give up their rights and freedoms to the gov’t In return they get protection and security (Monarchy?) John Locke – BUT what if…the contract is broken?

11. In Class Writing Prompt: Do you believe that the Social Contract has been broken by either the U.S. government or by the American people? ◦Use evidence from current events to support your response Requirements: Three to five paragraphs Your opinion! Minimum of three pieces of evidence supporting your argument CITE the sources in your response ◦People, quotes, stats, etc

12. Differing Views of Government: The “Philosophes” Differing Views of Government: The “Philosophes” Political thinkers who developed their own ideas about the purpose of government Niccolo Machiavelli Thomas Hobbes John Locke Voltaire Baron Montesquieu Jean-Jacques Rousseau

13. Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince About leaders (“Princes”) he saw in his travels A “guidebook” for rulers ◦They S/B Shrewd, Manipulative & Selfish Princes are NOT concerned with what is morally right, but in maintaining their own power “The ends justify the means”

14. Thomas Hobbes Leviathan People are born evil and selfish, so…. People need a strong gov’t (like a Monarch) People give up rights for protection by the government Social Contract THEORY

15. John Locke Two Treatises on Gov’t People are born w/ Three Natural Rights ◦Life ◦Liberty ◦Property Government should protect these rights IF NOT, the people may overthrow the government (REVOLT)

16. Voltaire Candide ◦A Realistic portrayal of the life of the people Attacked the Catholic Church Freedom of: ◦Religion ◦Expression Separation of Church and State “I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”

17. Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract Agreed w/ Locke, only our environment (gov’t) restricts us People should govern themselves, but most forms of governments prohibit it “Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains”

18. Baron Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws Checks and balances Separation of powers “Power should be a check to power”

19. “The Prince” and Machiavelli If you were a “Prince”, would you rather be feared or loved? ◦Consider  Your president  Your boss  Your teacher  Your coach  Your parents

20. Unit 1 Writing Assessment Unit 1 Writing Assessment Choose three of the following prompts and answer in a minimum of two paragraphs each. Use specific information from class to support your responses Explain the relationship between the scientific revolution and people’s new desire for change in their governments. Explain the idea of the Social Contract and give two examples of when it was broken, one from history and one from the contemporary world. Explain the political philosophy and rationale of the Philosophe you and your group presented in class. Where would you find this person’s ideas in today’s world? What specific issues did the authors of the English Bill of Rights address? What did they hope to achieve with this document? If you were a “Prince” would you rather be Feared or Loved by your people? Explain your answer. How does your answer match up to Machiavelli’s ideas about leadership? Analyze the following quote by Benjamin Franklin and explain how it relates to the Enlightenment Ideas; which Ideas does this quote specifically address? “Those that desire to give up freedom in order to gain security will not have, nor do they deserve, either one.”

21. QoD How does WHERE you live affect HOW you live?

22. 61 62 63 64 65 56 57 58 59 60

23. Map Quiz 1. France 2. Poland 3. Vietnam 4. Cuba 5. Pakistan 6. Israel 7. Congo (DRC) 8. North Korea 9. Colombia 10. Afghanistan 11. Kigali 12. Berlin 13. Washington DC 14. Hiroshima 15. Cape of Good Hope 16. Suez Canal 17. Amazon River 18. Deng’s Four Modernizations 19. The Boer Wars 20. The Salt March XTRA CREDIT (2 parts) CB South AND THE YEAR IT OPENED ITS DOORS TO STUDENTS

24. QoD - What is the Purpose of Government? Preamble to the U.S. Constitution “We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” In your words – 5 purposes of government that are discussed in the Preamble

25. Aristotle Politics ◦Politics is an organism, NOT a machine Gives people the opportunity for a good life Community is most important Man is governed by Natural Laws ◦Ethics and morality “Man is by nature a political animal, it is his nature to live in a state”

26. James Madison Bill of Rights U.S. Constitution Father of the Constitution Representative government Designed the Federal System “Liberty may be endangered by the abuse of liberty, but also by the abuse of power”

27. Rene Descartes Discourse on the Method Based his ideas on Science People must change their old ideas Doubt everything until proven “I think, therefore I am”

28. The Philosophes Analysis and Poster Quick bio – Born, Died, Education, etc Famous work of literature Philosophy about Life/People Beliefs about Government A Quote that summarizes his/her ideas Ideas today ◦U.S. Constitution? Declaration of Independence? ◦U.S. Society/Beliefs? ◦Other countries? An Essential Question that creates discussion

29. Mary Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of Woman Equal rights for women – better education needed A society based on reason and logic “Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience.” Side note: ◦Daughter is Mary Shelley (Frankenstein)