1. Integrated Cryogenic Electronics Testbed (ICE-T) for Evaluation of Superconductor and Cryo-Semiconductor Integrated Circuits V. Dotsenko, A. Sahu, B. Chonigman, J. Tang, A. E. Lehmann, V. Gupta, A. Talalevskii, S. Ruotolo, S. Sarwana, and D. Gupta RF Circuits and Systems HYPRES Elmsford, NY dotsenko@hypres.comdotsenko@hypres.com, gupta@hypres.comgupta@hypres.com

2. Integrated Cryogenic Electronics Testbed (ICE-T)  ICE-T separates cryogenic subsystem from electrical subsystem  Independent electrical modules can be inserted into the cryogenic platform  ICE-T uses a powerful cryocooler (1.5 W @ 4.2 K and 45W @ 40 K)  Careful “cryopackaging”, optimizing thermal and electrical performance, is not required by the user Motivation: Facilitate development of cryogenic electronics, especially new integrated circuits (ICs), by designing an easy-to-use cryogenic platform with no liquid cryogen

3. Growth of Superconductor Electronics Objective: Develop Complex and High-speed Digital Electronics Funding for Research and Development Test Facility and Equipment Design Tools and Infrastructure Human Resources Integrated Circuit Foundry Superconductor and cryogenic electronics poised for growth but desperately need fresh human resources

4. ICE-T: Developed for and by IC Test Engineers FeaturesLHe Cryoprobe Custom Cryocooled System ICE-T Input/Output (I/O) Universal I/O (can test all chips with identical I/O pads) Custom I/O (new chip modules required for every class of chips) Universal I/O and Custom I/O ReconfigurationFastSlowMedium Operation Easy (Undergraduate Students) Requires extensive training (Professionals) Easy and Safe (High School Students) Best for short tests (requires frequent He refill) Best for long tests Good for both short and long tests Initial CostLowHighMedium Operating CostVery highVery LowLow Convenience of liquid He Immersion Cryoprobe without the cost of liquid He

5. Advantages of ICE-T over Liquid Helium Testing  More efficient testing  Prolonged experiments (e.g. with collaborators) and demonstrations over multiple days or weeks without interruption  Two independent experiments can be conducted simultaneously  ICE-T could be used for experiments while another insert is prepared  Future-proof Investment  Only the insert to be modified or a new one built for new experiments  Low operating cost  Even continuous operation costs only $5000/year in electricity  Can pay for itself in helium saving alone in 2 years  Versatile and Modular  Variable temperature testing (permits “thermal tuning”)  Better electrical cables  Hybrid-temperature heterogeneous technology experiments (e.g. 4-K superconductor and 40-K semiconductor/optoelectronics; HTS or MgB 2 leads; HTS analog and LTS mixed-signal and digital circuits)

6. ICE-T Hosts Two Independent Inserts 4K Cold Stage 40K Cold Stage Cryocooler 4K Chip Module Thermal Links Universal Insert Custom Insert

7. ICE-T: Universal and Custom Insert ICE-T accommodates both universal and custom inserts Universal Insert Custom Insert

8. Universal Insert for Superconductor Electronics Magnetic Shield Chip Nest 4 K 40 K SMA Panel High-frequency Coaxial Connectors (G3PO) Thermometer Cables

9. Frequency Response of Coaxial Cable in ICE-T ICE-T electrical inserts use low-loss coaxial cables

10. Quick Mounting and Dismounting of Chip ICE-T insert is easy and quick to install (<10 minutes)

11. Cool-down Time for 40-coax Universal Insert Time to 4.2 K: 4.5 Hours Minimum Temperature Attained: 3.65 K

12. Warm-up Time for 40-coax Universal Insert Time to 290 K: 14.3 Hours (without heating), 4.3 Hours (with heating)

13. Cost of Ownership (1x40-coax and 1x80-coax insert) Assumptions: (1) Current electricity and liquid He prices in USA, (2) 251 8-hour working days per year, (3) Bi-annual maintenance of $15,000 for ICE-T $15,000, $5000 for He liquefier Lab, and $1000 for Probe

14. Cost of Ownership (2x40-coax inserts)

15. Cost of Ownership (1x40-coax and 1x80-coax insert) ICE-T with 1x40-coax and 1x80-coax inserts Cryoprobes in Liquid He Lab with Liquefier Cryoprobes in Liquid He Lab without Liquefier Total Initial Cost 350,000 333,400 111,400 Yearly Cost to Buy Liquid He 0 39,452 157,808 Cost of Liquid He Technician 0 30,000 15,000 Electricity Cost 5,000 14,000 0 Yearly Fixed Cost 5,000 83,452 172,808 Year Bi-YEARLY MAINTENANCE COST Cost After nth year Bi-YEARLY MAINTENANCE COST Cost After nth year Bi-YEARLY MAINTENANCE COST Cost After nth year 0 350,000 333,400 111,400 10355,0000416,8520284,208 2 15,000 375,000 5,000 505,304 1000 458,017 3 0 380,000 0 588,756 0 630,825 4 15,000 400,000 5,000 677,208 1000 804,633 5 0 405,000 0 760,660 0 977,441 6 15,000 425,000 5,000 849,112 1000 1,151,250 7 0 430,000 0 932,565 0 1,324,058 8 15,000 450,000 5,000 1,021,017 1000 1,497,866

16. Cost of Ownership (2x40-coax inserts) ICE-T with 2x40-coax inserts Cryoprobes in Liquid He Lab with Liquefier Cryoprobes in Liquid He Lab without Liquefier Total Initial Cost 320,000 265,400 91,400 Yearly Cost to Buy Liquid He 0 29,644 118,577 Cost of Liquid He Technician 0 30,000 15,000 Electricity Cost 5,000 14,000 0 Yearly Fixed Cost 5,000 73,644 133,577 Year Bi-annual Maintenance Cost Cost After nth year Bi-annual Maintenance Cost Cost After nth year Bi-annual Maintenance Cost Cost After nth year 0 320,000 265,400 91,400 10325,0000339,0440224,977 2 15,000 345,000 5,000 417,688 1000 359,554 3 0 350,000 0 491,333 0 493,131 4 15,000 370,000 5,000 569,977 1000 627,708 5 0 375,000 0 643,621 0 761,285 6 15,000 395,000 5,000 722,265 1000 895,862 7 0 400,000 0 795,910 0 1,029,439 8 15,000 420,000 5,000 874,554 1000 1,164,016

17. Comparison of Attenuation: LHe Probe vs. ICE-T Insert

18. Summary  ICE-T accommodates two interchangeable Electrical Inserts with a standard vacuum flange  Modular design of Electrical Inserts allows maximum flexibility and convenience for experiments  Turn-key operation with two native temperature stages at 4K and 40K and controlled variable temperature test capability in custom Electrical Inserts  Universal Inserts or Custom Inserts are possible  Can pay for itself in helium saving