1. AN INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY

2. NORMAL VS ABNORMAL Make a list of characteristics that makes a person normal. For each characteristic note why that behaviour is considered normal. How does abnormal behaviour differ?

3. FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING CELEBRITIES YOU SHOULD LIST THE EVIDENCE: A. THAT THIS PERSON DEMONSTRATES/ED NORMAL BEHAVIOUR B. THAT THIS PERSON DEMONSTRATES/ED ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR

4. ABNORMAL SMILING ALL DAY HAVING AN IQ OF 145 BUNGY JUMPING 16YR OLD DOCTOR TATTOOING OR BODY PIERCING WEARING DEAD HUSBANDS BONES AS A NECKLACE BINGE DRINKING HAVING AN IQ OF 70 normal

5. STATISTICAL DEFINITION OF ABNORMALITY Definition Statistical infrequency Behaviour that is statistically rare is said to be abnormal

6. THE SOCIAL NORMS DEFINITION OF ABNORMALITY Definition Behaviour which conforms to social norms. Norms are social rules that are not laws but customs If someone goes against these social norms their behaviour is said to be abnormal. What needs to be taken into account is: culture, the situation, age, gender and historical context

7. WHAT IS CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY? Concerned with abnormal behaviour. Define what makes abnormal behaviour. The study of mental health and mental disorders. Diagnosing, explaining and treating mental illness. It is a process that involves: taking note of symptoms, general health and any psychological or social problems. Using this information they come up with a treatment for that behaviour.

9. DSM 5 DEFINITION OF MENTAL DISORDER – DRAW A DIAGRAM TO ILLUSTRATE THE DEFINITION “A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behaviour that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant distress in social, occupational, or other important activities. An expectable or culturally approved response to a common stressor or loss, such as the death of a loved one, is not a mental disorder. Socially deviant behaviour (e.g., political, religious, or sexual) and conflicts that are primarily between the individual and society are not mental disorders unless the deviance or conflict results from a dysfunction in the individual, as described above."religious

10. Much of clinical psychology’s vocabulary comes from medicine. Abnormal behaviour is referred to as psychopathology and is classified in terms of symptoms. The classification being called the diagnosis. Treatment/therapy refers to methods to change behaviour. The individual is usually referred to as the patient (or client in therapy) and is considered to be treated when the abnormal behaviour is no longer displayed.

11. Problem??????????? At what point does behaviour become abnormal?

12. DIAGNOSING MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS - FOUR DIMENSIONS (4 DS) OF DIAGNOSIS Four Ds are used as a tool to decide whether behaviour is ‘abnormal’ and worth of investigation and diagnosis It is a an initial diagnostic process It is not a classification system (these systems are used to decide what disorder is present based on symptoms)

13. 5 MINUTES – IN PAIRS PROVIDE A DEFINITION FOR EACH WORD. WITHOUT USING HELP! 1. Deviance ? 2. Dysfunction ? 3. Distress? 4. Danger?

14. DimensionDefinitionKey words Example 1. Deviance 2. Dysfunction 3. Distress 4. Danger Duration Behaviour which is ‘rare’ within society. If the behaviour is considered deviant from the norm then it could suggest a clinical disorder is present If the behaviour is significantly interfering with the person’s life a disorder may be present. All aspects of a patient’s life is discussed to assess the problematic behaviour When the behaviour is causing upset to the individual. This involves negative feelings. If the person is putting their own life or other’s people’s lives at risk. Refers to danger to themselves or others. Length of time the symptoms have been present

15. DimensionDefinitionKey words Example 1. Deviance 2. Dysfunction 3. Distress 4. Danger Duration Behaviour which is ‘rare’ within society. If the behaviour is considered deviant from the norm then it could suggest a clinical disorder is present If the behaviour is significantly interfering with the person’s life a disorder may be present. All aspects of a patient’s life is discussed to assess the problematic behaviour When the behaviour is causing upset to the individual. This involves negative feelings. If the person is putting their own life or other’s people’s lives at risk. Refers to danger to themselves or others. Length of time the symptoms have been present

16. APPLICATION

17. Problem?????????????? ???????

18. HOMEWORK Read article on Four D’s on Learning Space Read the article on the learning space Make notes on the four ds and identify any evaluation points What is the fifth dimension? Conceptualizing Psychiatric Disorders Using “Four D’s” of Diagnoses (Davis, 2009)