1. Clean Cities / 1 Implementing Green Transportation Initiatives Virginia Clean Cities 540-568-8896 aharned@vacleancities.org

2. Clean Cities / 2 Platinum Level Sponsors & Strategic Partners One designated statewide Coalition in Virginia - since 1996 501c3 not-for-profit & James Madison University partnership Supported by stakeholder members, DOE, DMME, and grants Managing alt fuel deployment and education programs on behalf of governments, fleets, and other stakeholders Strategies: Partner with State & Local Organizations, Public and Private fleets Provide Outreach, Education, & Information Resources Facilitate Infrastructure and Vehicle Deployment with Grants Provide Technical & Financial Assistance Virginia Clean Cities Snapshot

3. Clean Cities / 3 Rising Petroleum Prices and Volatility of Market – U.S. Owns 2-3% of world oil reserves, but uses 25% of worlds oil – Significant production domestically, but 50% imports – Cost savings with alt fuels possible U.S. spends – $1 million per minute on petroleum – $Nearly one billion per day on petroleum imports – $297 billion per year on petroleum imports VA transportation 99 % petroleum - gasoline diesel – $13.4 billion a year in VA on petroleum for transportation – Statistically, 100% of our oil is out of state (99.98%) – 90,758,000 barrels imported, 12,000 produced (2011 EIA) $35 million a day leaves the Commonwealth for other people’s oil Why – Reduce Oil Dependence

4. Clean Cities / 4 Technology Portfolio – Virginia Clean Cities Coalition: Alternative (non-petroleum) Fuels & Vehicles Biodiesel, Ethanol, Hydrogen, Electric, Propane, Natural Gas Advanced Vehicles (e.g., HEVs, PHEVs) Vehicles and Driver Choices that Increase Fuel Economy Idle Reduction Green Fleet Coalition (2014) 16.5 million gasoline gallons reduced 95,000 tons of GHG reduction Virginia’s Alt Fuel Effort (2014) 80 Green Fleets 24,642 Alt Fuel Fleet Vehicles 441 Alt Fuel Stations Goal: 800 stations by 2017 … Alternative Fuels: What’s Included ?

5. Clean Cities / 5 Abundant, Available, Safe, Proven and Cost-Effective… What’s Different in 2015? MCPS saving over $4,600/yr/bus over diesel!

6. Clean Cities / 6 Natural Gas (CNG or LNG) Natural Gas, 1210 fleet vehicles, 27 stations in Virginia Around $1.00/gallon Examples: – City of Chesapeake (53 Refuse) – WMATA (460 Buses) – Richmond (24 Refuse + 72 Transit Vehicles)

7. Clean Cities / 7 LPG – Propane – Autogas Propane Autogas, 74 stations, 519 vehicles State contract price was $1.16/gallon May 2015 Examples: – Gloucester and Spotsylvania Schools – Chesterfield and Newport News – Bay Transit – City of Chesapeake

8. Clean Cities / 8 Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) - Plug-in HEVS (PHEVs) and Battery-powered EVs (BEVs): 275 Electric stations in VA (500 public chargers), 467 fleet Evs  Examples:  Charlottesville  Richmond  Roanoke  JMU

9. Clean Cities / 9 Public charging (5-10%) High visibility Commercial/retail Shopping centers Workplace (15-20%) Corporate, municipal Parking lots Movie theaters Residential (70-80%) Often just 120 volt Residential Public Workplace Charging Paradigm

10. Clean Cities / 10 Ethanol and E85 Ethanol E85 – 16,000 fleet vehicles, 19 stations 13 public in VA Biodiesel – 4500 vehicles, 33 stations in VA

11. Clean Cities / 11  Total Cost of Ownership.  Vehicle performance.  Reliability.  Warranty, service and after-sale support.  Operations and Maintenance Changes.  Positive environmental impact.  Refueling infrastructure.  Operating range.  Confidence in partners. Key Drivers & Considerations

12. Clean Cities / 12 Thank You! Alleyn Harned Virginia Clean Cities (540) 568-8896 (804) 539-9425 cell aharned@hrccc.org Virginia Clean Cites – http://www.vacleancities.orghttp://www.vacleancities.org DOE Clean Cities – http://cleancities.energy.govhttp://cleancities.energy.gov DOE Alt Fuel Data Center http://www.afdc.energy.gov/http://www.afdc.energy.gov/ Fuel Economy DOE/EPA http://www.fueleconomy.govhttp://www.fueleconomy.gov Chelsea Jenkins ROUSH CleanTech/VCC (734) 812-1965 cell chelsea.jenkins@roush.com

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15. Clean Cities / 15 Clean Cities Web Resources Dept of Energy Clean Cities Alt Fuel Data Center FuelEconomy.gov Virginia Clean Cities

16. Clean Cities / 16 We can work together on environmental, energy, and economic security goals Information is the gap – seek knowledge from real sources Internships - STEM, partnerships Work with us on proposals for vehicle grants and foundations JMU has wind center also where we can work on renewables / efficiency programs Call to Action

17. Clean Cities / 17 Carbon Monoxide (CO) –Cardiovascular disease, damage nervous system 56-95% of US CO is emitted by vehicles Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) –Respiratory damage - 55% from vehicles Particulate Matter (PM) –Aggravate asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, heart disease, lung disease, water pollution – directly from vehicles Ozone –Smog – reduce lung function Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) –Global pollutant, CO 2 most abundant WHY - Health and Environment

18. Clean Cities / 18 Working together towards alternative fuel vehicle solutions can with: Bottom line of fuel operational costs Environmental goals – clean air / water Community goals Grants and foundation engagement Student and faculty goals In Sum

19. Clean Cities / 19 Why Parking Facility EV Charging? Cars are parked at work up to 8 hours per day Most PEVs can recover 40-80 miles in 8 hours Relieves range-anxiety (primarily for EV drivers) Employee benefit Customer benefit or opportunity Supports organizational commitment to environmental goals Creates new markets revenue stream – in VA you choose what to bill 2/16/12: 296 - 4/15/13: 2,006 (≈600%) 19

20. Clean Cities / 20 Charging Stations Level 1 – Level 2 – and Fast Charge “An outlet is enough” – Home and workplace U.S. SAE J1772 Charge protocol Supply equipment signals presence of AC input power Two way communication - safety EV commands energy flow Charge continues as determined by vehicle Charge may be interrupted by unplugging connector

21. Clean Cities / 21 Understanding Costs Hardware Costs Level 1 – $5 Level 2 - $500 to $5,000 DC Fast - $15,000+ Installation Costs Planning and research Vary depending on site conditions from few hundred dollars to $5,000 per EVSE. Plan to avoid trenching and site design Operating costs Electricity 11 cents/kwh Cheaper off peak Network costs Grants: Federal, State, Local, Private, & Foundation

22. Clean Cities / 22 PV with Electric Vehicle Charging Solar Panels - Solar panels convert sunlight into direct current (DC) power are typically installed on the roof Inverter - The DC power from the solar panels is sent to an inverter, where it is converted into alternating current (AC) power Electrical Panel Utility Meter Electric Vehicle Charging Station - Plug into the charging station to power your electric car EV is powered by clean solar electricity generated locally Morgantown Farmers Market Solar

23. Clean Cities / 23 Stability price versus diesel Reduction in operation and maintenance possible Operational Opportunities http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/prices.html

24. Clean Cities / 24 Natural Gas Natural Gas, 1210 fleet vehicles, 27 stations in Virginia Vehicle runs on compressed or liquid natural gas from a tank Fewer emissions, 20% less CO2, 60% less CO, 75% less nitrogen oxides $1.00/gal is recent public price in Norfolk VA, $1.00 fleet achievable Potential for landfill renewable gas projects (95% fewer emissions) New stations (Richmond, Dulles, Norfolk, Chesapeake, Danville VA) VA Produces 1.2 billion GGE Natural Gas annually Facilities upgrades may be necessary, especially to work on fuel systems $.50/gallon federal excise credit, $30,000 station credit, state loan

25. Clean Cities / 25 Municipal Examples CNG Chesapeake – 2003-2012 – 53 refuse trucks – Saves $2.56 per GGE – 1 truck to CNG is equivalent to taking 325 cars off road – NREL Study 4 year ROI WMATA Transit – 460 buses Richmond refuse - 24 Richmond transit 2013 – 69 transit vehicles – 13 on order

26. Clean Cities / 26 Municipal Examples LPG Gloucester and Spotsylvania – School buses on propane Mesa Public Schools – 18 year vehicle life – 27 buses initially – buying 50 each year – Expects to save $100,000 on each bus Newport News – 12 Crown Victorias – 10 Chevy Silverado trucks – $22,000 annual savings

27. Clean Cities / 27 Municipal Examples EV Charlottesville – Municipal Nissan Leafs – Public Charger incentive Richmond – Electric permit rapid and online – Planning official training regionally Roanoke Virginia – Electric Parking Vehicle – Curbside City Level 3 on the way JMU Ford Fusion Hybrid

28. Clean Cities / 28 Ethanol and E85 Ethanol E85 – 16,000 fleet vehicles, 19 stations 13 public in VA – A renewable alcohol fuel, blended with gasoline – 10% ethanol can be used in most vehicles without modification – 15% blends OK for 2001 and up vehicles –70% VA – 1 E15 station in VA – E85 –85% blended with 15% gasoline – VA produces around 23 million gallons per year and leads in research – Compatible with 9 million Flex Fuel cars on the roads today ½ of Ford and GM’s lineup

29. Clean Cities / 29 Biodiesel Biodiesel – 4500 vehicles, 33 stations in VA – Renewable fuel produced by processing vegetable and animal fats – Often blended with diesel at levels from 5% to 20% biodiesel – Works with practically any diesel engine, little/no modification – Two active producers in Virginia, made around 2 million gallons – Dozens of fleets – modern engines often have warranty for B5-B20 – New Diesel vehicles wildly better than old (2007) diesel for emissions

30. Clean Cities / 30 Biodiesel Biodiesel – 4500 vehicles, 33 stations in VA – Renewable fuel produced by processing vegetable and animal fats – Often blended with diesel at levels from 5% to 20% biodiesel – Works with practically any diesel engine, little/no modification – Two active producers in Virginia, made around 2 million gallons – Dozens of fleets – modern engines often have warranty for B5-B20 – New Diesel vehicles wildly better than old (2007) diesel for emissions