1. Measles Symptoms: @ Skin rash, fever, running nose, Cough @ Transmission by inhalation Lab. D iagnosis: @ Collect throat swab, blood, urine @ Blood for serology @ Detect antigen by immunofluorescence @ Human embryo lung tissue culture.

3. Properties: @ Family Paramyxovirus. 1 serological type @ RNA virus, single stranded, enveloped, helical capsid Vaccination: @ Live attenuated vaccine @ Part of the MMR (measles-mumps- rubella), Given at 12-18 months of age

5. VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS @ Varicella (chickenpox) is the primary disease; @ Zoster (shingles) is the recurrent form. @ VZV: structure & morphology identical to Herpesviruses.

7. @ Immunity to Varicella is lifelong @ You get Varicella only once, but zoster can occur despite this immunity to Varicella. @ Zoster occurs only once. @ Zoster increases with advancing age & as a consequence of waning immunity

9. @ Varicella @ Varicella Symptoms: * Fever, skin rash, itching, on trunk, head, hands, legs. * Rash passes to papules, vesicles, pustules, and crusts. Mild (children), severe (adults).

11. MYCO. LEPRAE Properties: @ No growth in artificial media. @ Inoculated in foot pads of mice. @ Infects skin & superficial nerves-30°C @ Humans are the natural host- Leprosy

13. Pathogenicity: @ Organism multiplies inside nerve cells, endothelial cells, and skin histiocytes. @ Three forms of leprosy: # Tuberculoid leprosy # Lepromatous leprosy # Intermediate forms.

15. Presentation: @ I.P. several years. Onset is gradual. @ Tuberculoid leprosy causes: # Skin macules, hypopigmentation, skin thickening, skin anaesthesia. @ Lepromatous leprosy causes: # Skin nodules, leonine facies, and disfigurement.

18. Lab. Diagnosis: Specimens: @ Ear lobe scrapings, nasal scrapings, eye brow scrapings, tissue biopsy, nerve biopsy Microscopy: @ ZN stain to see AFB. @ No culture and no serological tests.

20. Lepromin Test: @ Inject Myco. leprae extract I.D. @ Induration appears within 48 hrs. @ Indicates cell-mediated reaction. @ Diagnostic when negative. Prevention: @ Isolate lepromatous leprosy cases only @ Chemoprophylaxis with dapsone.

22. FeatureTuberculoidLepromatous Number of lesions FewMany Tissue destruction LittleMarked Bacilli in smears FewMany Transmission LowHigh Cell-mediated reaction PresentReduced or absent Lepromin skin test PositiveNegative Differences between Tuberculoid & Lepromatous leprosy