1. HAP Chapter 1

2. Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy – study of structure (appearances, locations and relationships of body parts). (Greek – “a cutting up”) Physiology – study of function (Greek – “relationship to nature”)

3. Theme: Structure determines function

4. Theme: Homeostasis Body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and correct any changes – Receptors - provide information about stimuli – Control center - tells what a particular value should be (includes a set point) – Effectors - elicit responses that change conditions in the internal environment

5. Homeostasis

6. Negative Feedback – A Variation outside the normal limits triggers an automatic response that corrects the situation Example: Temperature regulation

7. Homeostasis Positive Feedback – The initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces that stimulus Example: Blood clot formation, child birth, histamine response

8. Disease When homeostatic regulation fails, organ systems begin to malfunction, and the individual experiences symptoms of illness.

9. Anatomical Terminology Anatomical Position – standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward Terms of Relative Position – Superior versus Inferior – Anterior versus Posterior – Medial versus Lateral – Proximal versus Distal – Superficial versus Deep

10. Body Sections

11. Sections of Cylindrical Organs Cross Section Oblique Section Longitudinal Section

12. Anatomical Subdivisions

14. Body Regions

15. Body Cavities Peritoneal Cavity

16. Body Cavities Peritoneal Cavity

17. 3 Serous membranes in the body cavities Pericardium Pleura Peritoneum Describe Location

18. Two terms to describe positions of membranes Visceral (Surrounds the organ) Parietal (Lines the cavity)

19. Pericardial Cavity Serous Membrane Visceral pericardium Parietal pericardium

20. Pleural Cavity Serous Membrane Visceral Pleura Parietal Pleura

21. Peritoneal Cavity Serous Membrane Visceral peritoneum Parietal peritoneum