1. The Road to War Alsace Lorraine, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Britain, France Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Allied Powers Russia, France, Great Britain

2.  Complex system of Treaties ◦ Balance of Power led to a chain reaction ◦ June 28, 1914  Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie  Sarejevo-Bosnia

4.  Chain Reaction of mobilizations ◦ Russia ◦ France ◦ Germany-must invade Belgium and Luxemburg to get to France ◦ Great Britain

6.  At first rapid progress by Germany get within 30 miles of Paris  Stopped at the Marne River by France and Great Britain ◦ Armies dig in-Trench Warfare ◦ Eastern Front- central powers making gains  Ottoman Empire joins the Central Powers

7.  Ideas of Heroism shattered ◦ Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery, and poison gas ◦ Britain suffered 60, 000 casualties in one day ◦ Generals could not adapt ◦ Frustrated soldiers killed POWs, civilians, poisoned water sources, and burned fields

12.  Sank all ships believed to have weapons  British blockade caused hunger in Germany  War of attrition

13.  Immigrants feel involved ◦ Some for central ◦ Some for allies ◦ America neutral  Business interests  Peacemaker

14.  Be prepared ◦ National Security League ◦ Increased Army ◦ Peace movement  Women, progressives, and social reformers  Increase income taxes and increase taxes on arms dealers

15.  U Boats  Lusitania May 7, 1915 ◦ 1,198 passengers died ◦ 128 Americans ◦ The Zimmerman Note ◦ Revolution in Russia ◦ City of Memphis, Illinois, and Vigilancia sunk

17.  April 16, 1917 President Wilson signs the declaration of war against the central powers  Americans on the European Front ◦ 1 st just loans, navy, and supplies ◦ John J. Pershing and 14,500 troops sent- more needed

18.  “War to end all wars” ◦ Volunteer for draft ◦ 11,000 women in Armed forces ◦ 14,000 women serve in civilian roles overseas ◦ Convoy system for merchant ships

20.  Doughboys  Did not integrate with allies ◦ Separated by race  Menial jobs, manual labor  Mary E. Gladwin and the Red Cross  Serbia

21.  Civil War in Russia  Lenin signs treaty with Germany  Germany goes on the offensive ◦ Marines hold back the offensive and save Paris  Suffer 50% casualties

22.  Allies break the lines ◦ Tanks ◦ Fresh troops ◦ Battle of Amiens  Defeat Germany’s last offensive push  Sgt. York  Saved his platoon by killing machine gunners  Took 132 prisoners with a pistol

24.  Armistice signed ◦ 50,000 Americans dead ◦ 8 million European soldiers dead ◦ 20 million civilians

25.  Liberty Bonds  “Dollar a year men”  Government Oversaw Production ◦ Fixed prices ◦ Gas-less days ◦ Daylight savings time ◦ Set wages, hours, and working conditions

28.  No rations-Voluntary restraint  Information under Government control ◦ Propaganda ◦ Nativism  Literacy tests for immigrants  Hostility toward Germans

29.  Espionage Act  Sedition Act  Censorship of the press  Boy scouts and girl scouts ◦ Drill at school

30.  Mexican Americans and African Americans get better jobs  Women get better jobs  Prohibition enacted to save grain-19 th amendment 1919

31.  Wilson’s 14 points ◦ Self determination ◦ League of Nations ◦ France wanted to prevent invasion and humiliate Germany ◦ Carve up German colonies

33.  An attack on one is an attack on all  Treaty of Versailles ◦ France gets Alsace Lorraine for 15 years ◦ Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia established ◦ German War Guilt and reparations  Must pay 33 billion

34.  League of nations too binding  July 2, 1921 War officially ends  Post war ◦ Business benefit ◦ Banks benefit ◦ No reintegration policy for troops ◦ African Americans in uniform lynched