1. Xiaoning Gong Chief, Economic Statistics and National Accounts Section, ACS, UNECA at 12 th ASSD, 2-4 Nov 2016, Tunis, Tunisia U SING A DMINISTRATIVE D ATA FOR N ATIONAL A CCOUNTS IN A FRICA

2. Economic Commission for Africa www.uneca.org Outline of the Presentation Sources of data for GDP – government accounts – financial corps – non-financial corps – external trade statistics – tax data The needs for using administrative data for NA Features of the operational guidebook Summary of experiences

3. Economic Commission for Africa www.uneca.org Background: Why Admin Data? Administrative sources constitute a key component in national accounts compilation in most countries. Advantages of administrative data o Reduced costs; Better coverage; Improved timeliness; Reduced response burden; generally available, and can be efficiently used to improve the national accounts and implement 2008 SNA. Identified by AGNA as a priority area o To develop an operational guidebook on processing data from administrative sources in national accounts

4. Figure 1. Sources for GDP and Statistical Business Register (SBR): (Number of countries citing source) GDP(P)GDP(E)GDP (I) Total for GDP CENSUSES and SURVEYS Population census30171057 Household Income and Expenditure Survey22401779 Agriculture census/survey37121160 General economic census/survey26141555 Services industries census/survey2612947 Retail census/survey208937 Transport survey1981037 Household labour force survey23161251 Capital expenditure survey1012628 Living Standards Measurement Survey (World Bank)146424

5. Figure 1. Sources for GDP and Statistical Business Register (SBR): (Number of countries citing source) (Cont’d) GDP(P)GDP(E)GDP (I) Total for GDP CENSUSES and SURVEYS Demographic survey127524 Health survey66618 Multiphase 1-2 Survey on informal activities127524 Multiphase 1-2-3 Survey on informal activities136625 Other survey of informal activities127524 Surveys of international travellers116421 PRICES Consumer prices3431772 Wholesale prices136120 Producer prices3110344 Unit values or price indices for imports1422137 Unit values or price indices for exports1623140

6. Figure 1. Sources for GDP and Statistical Business Register (SBR): (Number of countries citing source) (Cont’d) GDP(P)GDP(E)GDP (I) Total for GDP WAGES and EMPLOYMENT Wages of government employees28182167 Wages of other public sector employees22131853 Wages of private sector employees14112146 Number of employees in government3517860 Number of employees in other public sector3315755 Number of employees in the private sector2914851 TAXES and SOCIAL SECURITY TRANSACTIONS Value added taxes37141162 Other taxes on products40171168 Income tax on persons15121340 Income tax on businesses21131549 Customs duties/excise tax3312752 Other types of tax data66416 Social security contributions or benefits21121548

7. Figure 1. Sources for GDP and Statistical Business Register (SBR): (Number of countries citing source) (Cont’d) GDP(P)GDP(E)GDP (I) Total for GDP GOVERNMENT and COMPANY ACCOUNTS Government accounts38261781 Government Finance Statistics (GFS)30251368 Company accounts3920 79 Utility company records : water and electricity38111059 Transport company records rail, roads, and air3791056 GOVERMENT REGULATION STATISTICS Building permits147324 Building completion certificates54211 Vehicle registration236332 Bank supervisory statistics3512956 Insurance supervisory statistics34121056 Other regulatory and administrative statistics83213 EXTERNAL TRANSACTIONS Balance of payments29311070 Merchandise trade statistics2730865

8. Figure 2. Ten Most Important Source for GDP (Number of countries citing source) GDP(P)GDP(E)GDP (I) All GDP estimates STATISTICAL SOURCES Household income and expenditure survey 401779 Agriculture census/survey37 General economic census/survey 15 Wages of private sector employees 21 Consumer prices3431 72 Unit values or price indices for imports 22 Unit values or price indices for exports 23

9. Figure 2. Ten Most Important Source for GDP (Number of countries citing source) (Cont’d) GDP(P)GDP(E)GDP (I) All GDP estimates ADMINISTRATIVE STATISTICS Wages of government employees 182167 Wages of other public sector employees 18 Number of employees in government35 Value added taxes37 62 Other taxes on products40 68 Income tax on persons 13 Income tax on businesses 15 Government accounts38261781 Government Finance Statistics (GFS) 251368 Company accounts3920 79 Utility company records : water and electricity38 Transport company records rail, roads, and air37 Bank supervisory statistics35 Insurance supervisory statistics34 Balance of payments 31 70 Merchandise trade statistics 30 65

10. Figure 3. Government Revenue broken down by department or ministry Number of countriesPercent AllYesNoYesNo Available only for national government47192840,459,6 Available for both national and provincial governments 47232448,951,1 Available for local governments47301763,836,2 Available for autonomous government bodies47192840,459,6 Not available for any levels of government474438,591,5

11. Figure 4. Government Expenditure broken down by department or ministry Number of countriesPercent AllYesNoYesNo Available only for national government47202742,657,4 Available for both national and provincial governments 47252253,246,8 Available for local governments47311666,034,0 Available for autonomous government bodies47222546,853,2 Not available for any levels of government472454,395,7

12. Figure 5. Government accounts in electronic form Number of countriesPercent AllYesNoYesNo Only for national government47222546,853,2 Both national and provincial governments47182938,361,7 Local governments47232448,951,1 Autonomous government bodies47153231,968,1 Not accessible for any levels of government474438,591,5

13. Figure 6. Detail in government accounts makes it possible to covert data to SNA definitions: Number of countries Percent AllYesNoYesNo Distinguish economic category such as wages, intermediate consumption, transfers, etc.) 4742589,410,6 Break down government expenditures by COFOG47291761,736,2 Break down government expenditures by kind of economic activity 47291861,738,3 Distinguish between current and capital expenditures4738980,919,1 Distinguish between administrative departments and departmental enterprises 45222348,951,1 Distinguish between different types of taxes and subsidies46331371,728,3 Distinguish between taxes and receipts from sales46331371,728,3 Distinguish between subsidies/current transfers/social transfers in kind 46291763,037,0 Compile sequence of accounts for general government up to financial accounts 46113523,976,1

14. Figure 7. Availability of Central Bank data Number of countries Percent AllYesNoYesNo Available separately for monetary policy, regulatory activities, and banking operations 46153132,667,4 Only consolidated accounts for total central bank are available 46192741,358,7 Not available at all46123426,173,9

15. Figure 8. Availability of annual financial statements of banks Number of countriesPercent AllYesNoYesNo Available for each individual bank46291763,037,0 Consolidated accounts of all banks available46113523,976,1 Not available at all4654110,989,1

16. Figure 10. Data available on life and non-life insurance Number of countriesPercent AllYesNoYesNo Life insurance Available for each individual company46311567,432,6 Consolidated accounts of all life insurance companies 4673915,284,8 Not available at all4683817,482,6 Non-life insurance Available for each individual company46341273,926,1 Consolidated accounts of all non-life insurance companies 4683817,482,6 Not available at all464428,791,3

17. Figure 11. Availability of financial statements of non-financial corporations Number of countries Percent AllYesNoYesNo Public corporations Available for individual companies and possible to identify by kind if activity 4637980,419,6 Available for individual companies but not possible to identify kind of activity 461452,297,8 Consolidated accounts for all companies available disaggregated by kind of activity 463436,593,5 Consolidated accounts for all companies available without disaggregation by kind of activity 460 0,0100,0 Not available4664013,087,0

18. Figure 11. Availability of financial statements of non-financial corporations (Cont’d) Number of countries Percent AllYesNoYesNo Private corporations Available for individual companies and possible to identify by kind if activity 45301566,733,3 Available for individual companies but not possible to identify kind of activity 452434,495,6 Consolidated accounts for all companies available disaggregated by kind of activity 451442,297,8 Consolidated accounts for all companies available without disaggregation by kind of activity 450 0,0100,0 Not available45123326,773,3

19. Figure 12. Availability of data on Value Added Tax (VAT) Number of countriesPercent AllYesNoYesNo Output, value added and tax collections by activity 4623 50,0 Output, value added and tax collections by product 46153132,667,4 Consolidated output, value added and tax collections with no activity or product detail 4673915,284,8 Only tax collections data available by activity 4664013,087,0 Only tax collections data available by product 4673915,284,8 Only tax source for the national accounts collections data available–with no details by product or kind of activity 4664013,087,0 No data is available on VAT 4664013,087,0

20. Figure 13. Availability of data on income taxes on enterprises Number of countries Percent AllYesNoYesNo Income and tax collections by activity available46281760,937,0 Only consolidated data on income and tax collections available 46143230,469,6 No data available on income taxes paid by enterprises 4654110,989,1

21. Figure 14. Use in the national accounts of financial statements of financial corporations Number of countries Percent AllYesNoYesNo Central bank accounts are used in NA45311468,931,1 Accounts of banks are used in NA4639784,815,2 Accounts of insurance companies are used in NA4638882,617,4 Financial statements are not used in NA443416,893,2

22. Figure 15. Use in the national accounts of financial statements of non-financial corporations Number of countriesPercent AllYesNoYesNo Information contained in the financial statements are used in the NA 4540588,911,1 Not used4554011,188,9

23. Figure 16. Use of VAT data in NA compilation Number of countriesPercent AllYesNoYesNo Data used in NA compilation by activity47341372,327,7 Data used in NA compilation in other areas 4683817,482,6 VAT data is not used in NA compilation463436,593,5

24. Figure 17. Use of data on income taxes on enterprises in NA Number of countriesPercent AllYesNoYesNo Data used in NA compilation by kind of activity46271958,741,3 Data used in NA compilation in other areas4664013,087,0 Not used in NA compilation46163034,865,2

25. Figure 18. Use of BOP and External Trade Statistics Number of countries Percent AllYesNoYesNo Trade data by product according to HS/SITC for NA compilation 4743491,58,5 Unit value indices of imports and exports used to deflate current price data 4623 50,0 Information on imports and exports of services used GDP(E) 4740785,114,9 Information on primary incomes and property incomes used for sequence of accounts (SOA) 46351176,123,9 Information on current transfers used for secondary distribution of income account 4745295,74,3 Information on capital transfers used in capital accounts4640687,013,0 Data on reinvested earnings used to estimate financial accounts 46262056,543,5 BOP data used for compilation of sequence of accounts for Rest of the World 45252055,644,4 Information available is used to estimate GNI and Disposable Income and other NA aggregates 4637880,417,4

26. Economic Commission for Africa www.uneca.org Structure of the Guidebook Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: government accounts Chapter 3: financial Corps Chapter 4: non-financial Corps Chapter 5: use of external trade statistics for national accounts Chapter 6: use of tax data in national accounts (e.g. value added tax and income tax)

27. Economic Commission for Africa www.uneca.org Contributing Countries ChapterCase studiesBox item 1. IntroductionNigerSeychelles Senegal-construction Senegal – focal points 2. GovernmentMauritiusMadagascar (box item) South Africa Botswana Mozambique Niger Burundi 3. FinancialSenegalTunisia-FISIM NigerBurkina Faso Egypt 4. Non-financialMozambiqueTunisia 6. Balance of payments Tunisia 7. Tax dataZimbabwe-VAT Cape Verde

28. Economic Commission for Africa www.uneca.org Salient features To bring together African country experiences and practices on use of administrative data in the compilation of national accounts. With practical examples and “bridge tables” in each chapter.

29. Economic Commission for Africa www.uneca.org “Bridge Table” “Bridge tables” – to be developed for all administrative sources, the most important being : -Financial statements of enterprises ( financial and non- financial); -Budgetary statements of general government institutional units; -Balance of payments. “Bridge tables” are specific to each country, depending on the content and availability of data sources.

30. Economic Commission for Africa www.uneca.org Application of the “bridge table” (1) Identification of administrative data sources; Analysis of content in respect of national accounting methodological requirements; Collection of data source indicators; Translation of each indicator from administrative data sources into national accounts concepts; Application of adjustments to meet national accounting requirements; Estimation of the national accounts indicators. Applying adjustments in order to fulfill the SNA conceptual requirements, when needed.

31. Economic Commission for Africa www.uneca.org Application of the “bridge table” (2) For an efficient use of administrative data in national accounts: Understanding the scope, coverage, concepts, definitions and quality of administrative data; Sharing the administrative data, preferably the micro-data in electronic form; Improving the timeliness and periodicity to match with national accounts releases;

32. Economic Commission for Africa www.uneca.org Application of the “bridge table” (3) Improving the content and quality of data in line with the recommended international standards, such as International Accounting Standards and International Financial Reporting Standards; Giving a feedback to the source data agencies on how they have used the data in the national accounts and compiled the economic variables. This will bring the source data agencies getting involved in the national accounts compilation and in assessing their contribution to the national economy.

33. Economic Commission for Africa www.uneca.org Lessons learned and good experience of the Guidebook It is another type of capacity building for participating countries -“Community of Practice”: Active learning and learned from each other and -To learn international standards and recommendations through writing/documenting experience and practice in the field It will be circulated to all the African countries for comments and inputs -Sharing the public goods: contributed by countries and used by countries

34. Thank you for your attention!