1. EIS Database Technical Considerations: Geospatial Kytt MacManus GIS Programmer, CIESIN June 16, 2016

2. Geospatial Data Contained in an EIS 1.Mapped Geospatial Data – Map Images and underlying datasets 2.Unmapped Geospatial Data – Narratives or table data with geo-referenceable information http://www.blm.gov/style/medialib/blm/ut/grand_staircase- escalante/planning/livestock_eis0.Par.54174.Image.-1.-1.1.gif https://parkplanning.nps.gov/showFile.cfm?projectID=19367&MIMEType=ap plication%252Fpdf&filename=HAVO_FEIS_Chapter_1_01_11_13.pdf&sfid=14 9257

3. How to spatially represent an EIS? 1.Geocode the point location of the EIS 2.Georeference Project Footprints 3.Digitization of static maps and data 4.Production of new data extracted from narratives, tables, and descriptions Less Cost More Cost

4. Populating the Database Natural Language Processing 1.Document Classification 2.Semantic Analysis 3.Information Extraction 4.Optical Character Recognition Less Cost More Cost http://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/narratives.shtml

5. Geocoding an EIS Geocoding is the process of transforming a description of a location into a quantitative location on the earth's surface. – a pair of coordinates Highest Confidence – an address Confidence varies by area of interest – a name of a place Lower precision and therefore lower confidence http://geoservices.tamu.edu/i mages/GIS/Geocoding.jpg

6. How to Obtain Geocode Information? 1.Use NLP Information Extraction Techniques 2.Manual interpretation and retrieval

7. How to map the Geocodes 1.A pair of coordinates – ESRI ArcGIS Desktop 2.An Address – Online Geocoding Service – Esri, Google, Others… 3.The Name of a Place – World Gazetteer – Geonames, Fallingrain, others… http://desktop.a rcgis.com/en/ar cmap/10.3/guid e- books/geocodin g/GUID- C50B841B-4F35- 4DB8-BB85- D5FDD2BCEEF4- web.png http://www.dlib.org/ dlib/january99/hill/I mage4.gif https://www.google.com/ maps

8. Georeferencing an EIS 1.Project Footprints – From Geocode? – Place Name? 2.Static Maps in the EIS 3.Particular Layers from Static Maps – Did the EIS require the production of new GIS data? http://eli-ocean.org/wp- content/blogs.dir/7/files/Geospatial- NEPA-ELI-2015.pdf https://www.gislounge.com/wp- content/uploads/2014/01/goad- map.png

9. Production of new Geospatial Data? 1.Georeferencing 2.NLP Information Extraction – Geocoding by place name, address, or coordinates http://eli-ocean.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/7/files/Geospatial-NEPA-ELI-2015.pdf

10. Crowd-sourcing (eg NY Public Library) https://www.nypl.org/collections/labs

11. Database Maintenance Mechanism to allow for user upload of EIS – Must elicit relevant metadata Mechanism to allow for crowd-sourced georeferencing?