1. Exam Review Week 2

2. 1. What is the primary means through which the Sun warms Earth? A. fluctuation of subatomic particles B. fluctuation of gravitational fields C. transfer of energy through conduction D. transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

3. transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

4. 2. What is the most abundant gas in the air? A. Argon B. nitrogen C. oxygen D. carbon dioxide

5. nitrogen

6. 3. Identify the lowest level of the atmosphere. A. exosphere B. troposphere C. stratosphere D. thermosphere

7. troposphere

8. 4. Name the layer of the atmosphere with the greatest air pressure. A. exosphere B. troposphere C. stratosphere D. thermosphere

9. troposphere

10. 5. Which electromagnetic waves have the longest wavelength? A. gamma rays B. x-rays C. visible light D. radio

11. radio

12. 6. Earth receives energy from the sun through what process? A. conduction B. convection C. radiation D. none of the above

13. radiation

14. 7. Which statement below best describes the wavelengths of radiation given off by the sun? A. They are longer than those given off by Earth. B. They are shorter than those given off by Earth. C. They are the same length of those given off by Earth. D. They are impossible to measure.

15. They are shorter than those given off by Earth.

16. 8. Name the 2 most important heat absorbing gases in the atmosphere. A. water and hydrogen B. water and methane C. carbon dioxide and water vapor D. carbon dioxide and methane

17. carbon dioxide and water vapor

18. 9. Which of the following is true about equinoxes? A. They occur in December and June. B. They produce the shortest night of the year. C. They have an equal number of hours of dark and light. D. They produce the longest number of daylight hours.

19. They have an equal number of hours of dark and light.

20. 10. When does the summer solstice occur in the Northern Hemisphere? A. June 5 B. June 21 C. March 21 D. March 5

21. June 21

22. 11. Which type of electromagnetic energy is given off by Earth? A. gamma rays B. infrared waves C. visible light D. x-rays

23. infrared waves

24. 12. According to scientists the solar system formed from a A. cloud of rotating gas and dust B. cloud of rotating solids and gas C. nebula of frozen particles D. stationary cloud

25. cloud of rotating gas and dust

26. 13. Which are widely considered to be safe locations during a hurricane? a.in a kitchen, in a closet, under a stairwell b.on a porch, in a basement, in a bathroom c.under a stairwell, in a basement, in a closet d. in a bathroom, in a kitchen, on a porch

27. under a stairwell, in a basement, in a closet

28. 14. Visible light reaches Earth’s surface while infrared light is trapped as heat. Which characteristic of Earth’s atmosphere causes this to happen? a. the greenhouse effect b. Global warming c. Acid rain d. the ozone hole

29. the greenhouse effect

30. 15. What causes the differences in the air masses that permit hurricanes to form over oceans? A.Ocean water is cool and cools the air above it. B.Ocean water is warm and heats the air above it. C.Ocean water contains salt that reacts with air, changing the air pressure. D.Ocean water contains algae that make oxygen, changing the air’s composition.

31. Ocean water is warm and heats the air above it.

32. 16. Temperature affects the development of sea-turtle eggs. Eggs that are incubated at warmer temperatures are more likely to become females. Eggs incubated at cooler temperatures are more likely to become males. How would higher atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations most likely affect sea turtle populations? a. Earth’s climate would be warmer, so the percentage of female turtles would increase. b. Earth’s climate would be cooler, so the percentage of female turtles would increase. c.Earth’s climate would be cooler, so the percentage of female turtles would decrease.

33. Earth’s climate would be warmer, so the percentage of female turtles would increase.

34. 17. Global warming affects sea levels. Which of these is a likely consequence if the trend of global warming continues in coming decades? A.Melting glaciers will cause flooding of coastal towns and cities. B.Melting glaciers will cause flash flooding in mountainous regions C.Evaporation will cause the formation of fjords and U-shaped valleys. D.Evaporation will cause sea levels to drop enlarging coastal areas.

35. A.Melting glaciers will cause flooding of coastal towns and cities.

36. 18. Which of these serve as protective barriers along coastlines and are often destroyed when hit by a strong hurricane? a.the erosion of land along the coastline b.the buildup of dunes along the coast over time c.the new construction of buildings along the coastline d.the buildup of organic material from oil rigs along the coast

37. the buildup of dunes along the coast over time

38. 19. A mass of air is at an elevation of 1000 meters in the low pressure center of a Northern Hemisphere storm. Which of the following best describes the motion of air particles in this air mass due to storm conditions and the rotation of Earth as the air mass moves outward? a.Air particles move up and to the left. b.Air particles move up and to the right. c.Air particles move down and to the left. d.Air particles move down and to the right.

39. a.Air particles move up and to the right.

40. 20. Which statement describes the motion of Earth around the sun? A. The speed of Earth is constant regardless of its distance from the sun. B. The speed of Earth is constant because the distance remains the same between Earth and the sun. C. Speed increases the farther Earth is from the sun and decreases the closer it is to the sun. D. Speed increases the closer Earth is to the sun and decreases the farther it is from the sun.

41. Speed increases the closer Earth is to the sun and decreases the farther it is from the sun.

42. 21. A company has several factories around the world and has decided to transition from burning fossil fuels to using alternative energy resources. How could a decrease in burning fossil fuels impact the atmosphere? A. It could decrease the oxygen levels of the atmosphere. B. It could increase the nitrogen levels of the atmosphere. C. It could decrease the carbon dioxide levels of the atmosphere. D. It could increase the sulfur dioxide levels of the atmosphere.

43. C. It could decrease the carbon dioxide levels of the atmosphere

44. 22. How is climate different from weather? A. Climate is constantly changing, whereas weather changes slowly over time. B. Climate influences people’s daily activities, whereas weather influences people’s seasonal activities. C. Climate refers to the atmospheric conditions on a given date, whereas weather refers to the atmospheric conditions during a given season. D. Climate is based on observations made for a region over several years, whereas weather is based on day- to-day observations made for a region.

45. D. Climate is based on observations made for a region over several years, whereas weather is based on day-to-day observations made for a region.

46. 23. Since 1901, global surface temperatures have risen at an average rate of 0.13°F every ten years. In which way could the average increase in global temperatures influence Earth? A. by decreasing erosion within coastal ecosystems B. by decreasing periods of drought in all water systems C. by increasing the amount of flooding because of rising sea levels D. by increasing the formation of sea ice within polar regions

47. C. by increasing the amount of flooding because of rising sea levels

48. 24. Which can lead to the depletion of the ozone layer of Earth? A. coal-fired power plants B. vehicle exhaust C. burning compost D. aerosols

49. aerosols

50. 25. How could the removal of trees and other vegetation impact an environment? A. by increasing oxygen production B. by increasing soil formation C. by increasing transpiration D. by increasing erosion

51. D. by increasing erosion