1. WORLD WAR I Ch. 16

2. 16:1 Road to WWI Objectives: Identify countries involved in the Triple alliance and Triple Entente Explain how militarism and the alliance system were causes of the war What event triggered the war in Europe? Describe the Schlieffen Plan

3. Triple Alliance = Triple Entente = Militarism – Conscription –

5. Identify: Serbia, Balkans, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Sarajevo, Bosnia

6. Read “Serbian Problems” p. 500 June 28, 1914: Austria-Hungary’s Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassinated while visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia Austria-Hungary responds: by getting Germany to back them as they Take Serbia

7. By July 28: A-H declares war on Serbia & Russia mobilizes Mobilization – assemble troops & supplies Germany declares war on Russia

8. Schlieffen Plan – Germany’s plan for a 2-front war (Gen. Alfred von Schlieffen) August 4: Great Britain declares war on Germany for violation of Belgium's neutrality

9. Summary Identify countries involved in the Triple alliance and Triple Entente Explain how militarism and the alliance system were causes of the war What event triggered the war in Europe? Describe the Schlieffen Plan

10. 16:2 THE WAR Objectives: What were the Western/Eastern Fronts? What was propaganda used for? Describe trench warfare Describe new weapons used What led to the U.S. involvement?

11. Propaganda spread of ideas to influence public opinion Western Front Germany’s attack to the west Who is on the eastern front? Typical war movement/maneuvers

12. * Italy betrays Triple Alliance by attacking Austria! (1915) -trench development unexpected -protected by 5’ X 30yds barbed wire -new allies found in search for trench advantage

13. N0-man’s land

17. latrines

20. Machine guns, heavy artillery, poison gas, airplanes War of attrition based on wearing down other side by constant attacks zepplin

21. U.S. involvement U-boats = German submarines 1915 Lusitania (Br) 1917 U.S. joins war due to continued unrestricted sub warfare (Zimmerman note)

22. U.S. President: Woodrow Wilson Total War/Home Front-all citizens Gov’t powers increase: rationing

23. New roles for women… 1918 after the war….

24. Summary What were the Western/Eastern Fronts? What was propaganda used for? Describe trench warfare Describe new weapons used What led to the U.S. involvement? Read “Lusitania” National Geographic p.511

25. 16:3 Russian Revolution Objectives: – Who are the Bolsheviks? – Who are the Soviets? – Who was the Red Army?

26. Czar Nicholas II and Alexandria last Russian czar

27. 1917 - working women strikes; soldiers join Duma = legislative body urged czar to step down New Gov’t by Alexander Kerensky Soviets – composed of representatives from workers & soldiers = socialists representing radical interest of lower class

28. Bolsheviks - led by Vladimir Lenin; known for violent revolutions…..b/c Communist Communist Red Army leader Leon Trotsky Policy of war Communism – gov’t control of banks, industries, farms By 1921- Communist in control & hostile to Allies

29. Summary Who was the last czar family in Russia? Who were the Bolsheviks? Who were the Soviets? Describe the Russian Revolution

30. 16:4 End of War Sept. 1918 allies advance toward Germany as German gamble fails (to end stalemate near Paris) Armistice - – 11 th month, 11 th day, 11 th hour

31. What happens in Germany after armistice? – Radical socialists form Communist Party – Ethnic groups want independence – Austria-Hungarian empire splits up

32. Treaty of Versailles 1919 27 allied nation reps. Met to make final settlement BIG THREE/FOUR: 1.Woodrow Wilson – USA – 14 points/League of Nations 2.David Lloyd George – GB – Germany should pay 3.Georges Clemenceau – FR – strip all weapons; reparations –pay for war damages 4.V. Orlando - Italy

33. TREATY OF VERSAILLES 1919 – ARTICLE 231 war guilt clause – Reduced army to 100,000 – Cut back navy ; eliminate air force – Lands taken from France returned – Eastern German lands b/c new Polish state – Demilitarized zone of Rhine; stripped of all weapons

34. Legacy of WWI: Gov’t power over lives of citizens increased Freedom of press/speech limited in nation security Barriers b/t : G. & Russia = Poland G. & France = Rhineland Ottoman Empire breaks up

35. SUMMARY Who were the Big Four? How did Germany feel about the Treaty of Versailles provisions? What changed in many nations because of the Great War? When was the armistice of the Great War signed?

36. ESSAY Explain some causes of WWI and what led to the U.S. involvement. Also, describe the eastern and western fronts and what/where this occurred. Explain what happened to Italy and Russia as alliance members and how the war finally came to an end. Include results/effects of the war and years/dates each event described occurred.