8. FPIA results in an inverse dose response curve such that lower levels of patient analyte result in a higher signal (in this case, the signal is polarized light). High signal at low patient analyte levels results in a highly sensitive Assay.

10. If high concentrations of the sample analyte are present more specimen analyte binds to the antibody, leaving the analyte tracer unbound. If low concentrations of the sample analytes are present less specimen analyte binds to the antibody leaving analyte tracer bound.

11. Polarized light can be used to produce a polarized flurorescent emission from the analyte-tracer. The average polarization of the emitted fluorescence is related to the speed of rotation of the molecule. The rate of molecule rotation in liquid is related to the size of the molecule. Small, unbound analytes rotate more rapidly than the larger analyte-antibody complex. Axsym system undergo to this priniciple.

22. First Trimester (0 to 13 Weeks) Second Trimester (14 to 26 Weeks) Third Trimester (27 to 40 Weeks)

28. High prolactin levels inhibit secretion of FSH. Therefore, if your prolactin levels are high, your ovulation may be suppressed. High levels of prolactin appear to inhibit steroidogenesis as well as inhibiting LH and FSH synthesis at the pituitary gland.

35. Are the most common hormone-secreting pituitary tumors. Based on its size, a prolactinoma can be classified as a microprolactinoma ( 10 mm diameter). occur in both men and women but are more commonly diagnosed in women who are less than 50 years than in older women or men. In cases of prolactinoma, the test is carried out regularly to check the tumor’s response to treatment. High levels of prolactin can also be caused by pituitary tumors, which can be treated medically or surgically.

42. Levels >200 ng/mL or >200 μ g/L in a nonlactating female indicate a prolactin- secreting tumor; however, a normal prolactin level does not rule out pituitary tumor.

44. Thyroid dysfunction is a condition known to reduce the likelihood of pregnancy. Additionally, abnormal thyroid hormones disturb the normal menstrual pattern.

50. Prolactin (hPRL) Prolactin is a pituitary hormone essential for initiating and maintaining lactation. Circadian changes in prolactin concentration in adults are marked by episodic fluctuation and a sleep-induced peak in the early morning hours.