1. WORLD WAR II

2. SECTION 1 - THE ROOTS OF WWII WWI known as the Great War - 1914-1918 Industrial growth and prosperity resulted in nationalism (pride in one’s country), border disputes, and increased militaries European Nations wanted to expand their territory and alliances with other countries 1871 Germany formed alliance with Italy and Austria-Hungary = triple alliance or Central Powers (when Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined them) France, Russia, and Great Britain formed an alliance to maintain balance = Triple Entente. Powder-keg environment - sparked by assasination of Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand and his wife

3. Sec. 1 cont. Couple visiting Bosnia - shot by Serbian nationalist. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia Russia, (Serbia’s ally) sent troops to defend Serbia. Germany declared war on Russia Alliance system dragged all countries into war. Italy left the Triple Alliance and joined the Allies in 1915 Japan joins Allies - fearing Germany’s expansion in the Pacific - eventually 27 nations On Nov 11, 1918 truce called - Armistice day/celebrated as Veteran’s Day

4. Sec. 1 - cont. The Course of the War Trench warfare - defensive ditches and tunnels protected by barbed wire Space between was “no man’s land” New War Technologies Introduced during Conflict Industrial Age - invention of military weapons, tank, chemical weapons, airplanes, machine guns, grenades and German U-boat (submarine) United States enters the War German U-boat sank British passenger ship, RMS Lusitania - 128 Americans Germany continued to target any ship carrying weapon

5. Sec. 1 cont. Germany (Zimmerman) asks Mexico for aid, if US joins war, promises Mexico land lost by Mexico to US during Mex/American War Germany sank 5 neutral ships - U.S. enters war Apr. 2, 1917 Russia signs Brest-Litovsk Treaty with Central Powers in March 1918 - exit the war (political unrest in Russia) War ends Nov 11, 1918 - Big Four (Britian, Italy, France, and U.S.A) negotiated peace treaty U.S. wanted Fourteen Points - no harsh revenge on defeated nations - created the League of Nations - goal to resolve future conflicts before war

6. Sec. 1 - cont. Treaty of Versailles, between Germany and Allies - root cause of future war France wanted Germany punished with weak military - Germany should pay damages to France British wanted to reduce Germany’s military - not as harsh as France’s

7. Sec. 1 cont. The War Guilt Clause Placed entire responsibility of war on Germany Germany forced to sign treaty/Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles 1919 U.S. Senate did not like creation of League of Nations - rejected treaty. Separate treaty signed with Central Powers in 1921 Result: Germany anger and revenge. Rise of Adolph Hitler promising to correct “wrongs” of Versaille treaty. Rise of communist and fascist dictators and increased militarism - led to another global war WWII

8. Sec. 1 Cont. The Treaty of Versailles Germany to return Alsace-Lorraine to France - Belgium and Denmark also received land from Germany Poland re-establised as independent nation Germany forfeits all African and Asian coonies (25k sq. mi lost by Germany) German to give coal to Allies for 10 years - and merchant and fishing ships War reparations clause - $33 billion Germany’s army restricted to 100k - destroy all subs and aircraft - forbidden from building new vessels - allowed six warships