1. Elements of Folktales

2. What is a Folktale? Folktales were passed down from generation to generation by word of mouth, which is called oral tradition. Folktales were made up to explain the wonders of the world or to teach morals and lessons.

3. Different Types of Folktales Trickster Tales Fables Pourqoui stories Fairytales

4. Trickster Tales One character, usually the protagonist, is a clever trickster that causes problems for the other characters They usually go unpunished Example Anansi the Spider (Africa), Hare (North America), Wolf( Europe), Hermes (Greek Mythology)

5. Fables These are stories that teach a lesson or have a moral The main characters of Fables are usually animals with human characteristics The moral is never stated, but needs to be inferred by the reader Examples of Fables: Tortoise and the Hare, The Ant and the Grasshopper

6. Pourquoi Stories Explain WHY something is as it is Explains HOW something came to be and it usually explains something in Nature Examples of Pourquoi stories: How thunder or lightening came to be How the Elephant Got Its Trunk or How the Tiger Got Its Stripes *** Most myths and tall tales are considered Pourquois

7. Fairytales Include good and evil characters Usually has a hero or heroine Has Magic Often begins with “Once upon a time” Conflicts are resolved through kindness, courage or intelligence Examples: Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Aladdin

8. Common Elements of Folktales: Rule of Three: Items happen in sets of 3 or 7s (things happen in 3s, lots of repetition or repeated phrases) -For Example: - 3 characters - 3 events - 3 tests the character must overcome Ex: “Jack and the Beanstalk” showed Jack climbing the beanstalk three times. The wicked stepmother visited Snow White in the forest three times before she finally got her to eat the apple. Magic is commonly used, to explain the unexplainable. You will see similar characteristics from stories across the world The Latin phrase "omne trium perfectum" (everything that comes in threes is perfect, or, every set of three is complete)Latin

9. Common Elements of a Folktale: Plot/Themes Characters go through tests to prove something (the good character must solve a problem) Good v. Evil (has characters that good, others are bad) Good is rewarded and evil is punished in the end (tales have a happy ending)

10. Common Elements of a Folktale: Characterization Characters change only after they have gone though the lesson learned during the course of the story The hero is usually young and fair, kind, brave, unselfish, and may possess some sort of special power. Magic helpers, such as the Fairy Godmother in Cinderella, allow for things to occur within a story that would otherwise be impossible

11. Common Elements of a Folktale: Setting Place is usually described easily and briefly, leaving the imagination to fill in the gaps. For example, folktales take place in a cottage in the woods or in a magical kingdom Time is fantasy time, such as Once upon a time, or A long time ago

12. 1.the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region. Vernacular "The lady doth protest too much, methinks" "Jim was most ruined for a servant, because he got stuck up on account of having seen the devil and been rode by witches."