1. Chapter 1, Section 2 The Geographer’s Tools

2. Beware! Part of all the great pirate tales is a common geographer’s tool… The Treasure Map

3. Different kinds of maps The Inuit, or Eskimo, carved maps on driftwood. It was what was available.

4. Different kinds of maps The Marshall Islanders of the South Pacific used palm sticks and shells to show currents and islands.

5. map A map is a flat representation of the Earth or its regions.

6. Different uses for maps Maps can be used: on vacation to track weather finding arena seats

7. globe A globe is a round model of the Earth.

8. A globe is accurate, but it’s not convenient. A map is convenient, but it’s not accurate. “Professor Simpson’s Rule”

9. distortion Distortion is a change in the accuracy of the shapes and/or distances on a map.

10. Gerardus Mercator was a Dutch cartographer (or map-maker) who created the first conformal map, with correct continental shapes but inaccurate distances.

11. projection A projection is a method of putting Earth’s features onto a flat surface. This example is called an Interrupted projection.

12. The Mercator Projection

13. Arthur H. Robinson In 1961, American geographer Arthur H. Robinson created a map that showed the size and shapes of most of Earth’s landmasses fairly accurately. It is called the Robinson Projection.

14. The Robinson Projection

15. A Different Kind of Map

16. compass rose A compass rose is a symbol on a map that shows directions. It got its name because in early versions, it actually looked like a flower.

17. cardinal directions The cardinal directions are North, East, South, and West. The word “cardinal” means “chief” or “most important.”

18. Cardinals: The Princes of the Roman Catholic Church

19. intermediate directions The intermediate directions are Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, and Northwest. “Intermediate” is a Greek word that means “in between.”

20. secondary intermediate directions The secondary intermediate directions are North Northeast, East Northeast, East Southeast, South Southeast, South Southwest, West Southwest, West Northwest, and North Northwest.

21. scale Scale is the distance on a map compared to distance in the real world.

22. map key legend map key or legend The map key (or legend) explains the symbols used on the map. A symbol is anything that stands for something else. What is the most common symbol used on maps? Color!Color!Color!Color!

23. Various kinds of maps A physical map shows the Earth’s natural features, like mountains, plains, and rivers. A political map shows man-made features, like cities and the borders of countries. A locator map is a small symbol that shows where the main map is located. An historical map shows information about the past, or where events took place.

24. Various kinds of maps