1. Diseases

2. Two Types of Diseases Infectious Noninfectious

3. Cannot be spread from one organism to another Causes of noninfectious diseases –Genetic disorder –Unhealthy lifestyles Some types of noninfectious diseases –Cancer –Heart disease, diabetes, Hemophilia –Autoimmune diseases (lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis)

4. Can be passed from one living organism to another Caused by pathogens agents that cause disease –Virus –Bacteria –Fungi –Protists –Worms Infectious

5. How pathogens are spread Air (sneezing) Contaminated objects (bacteria or virus on doorknobs, phones, etc.) Person to person (kissing, shaking hands) Animals Food (not cooked enough to kill pathogens) Contaminated water supplies

6. Viruses Tiny (5 BILLION fit in a drop of blood) Get inside a cell and destroy the cell Not classified as living, cannot eat, grow or break down food Shapes: Spacecraft Cylinder Sphere Crystal

7. The Following Diseases are caused by viruses: Common Cold Chicken pox Influenza (the flu) Measles Mumps Hepatitis A and B AIDS Polio

8. How to Treat Viruses Many do not have cures CANNOT be treated with antibiotics!! Patient can take antiviral medications –Stop viruses from reproducing Vaccinations –Prevent you from getting the disease

10. Bacteria No Nucleus (Prokaryotic Cell) Ring of DNA, Single celled Reproduce by binary fission Not all Bacteria are harmful –Nitrogen fixing bacteria –Decomposers –Bacteria in food help make cheeses, yogurt, pickles, sour cream –Help clean up oil spills –Help in proper digestion of food in stomach and intestine (called probiotics)

11. Harmful Bacteria Called Pathogenic Bacteria Get in host cell, take nutrients from host harm host Can cause disease in both plants and animals Anthrax bacteria

12. Diseases caused by bacteria Strep Throat Cholera Botulism Tuberculosis Food poisoning Bubonic Plague Leprosy Tetanus (lock jaw) Rocky mountain spotted fever

13. How do we treat diseases caused by bacteria? Get vaccinations to prevent infections Treat with antibiotics –Kill the bacteria or slow the growth

15. What is a fungus? Organisms made of eukaryotic cells with cell walls (like plants) but no chlorophyll Live on or near food source –Decomposers (feed on dead organisms) –Parasites –Live in mutalism with other organisms (both organisms benefit)

16. Diseases caused by a Fungus Atheletes foot Ringworm Thrush Blastomycosis (lung disease) TREATMENT Use antifungal drugs Antibiotics

17. What is a protist? Made of Eukaryotic cells Can be either single celled or multicellular Some are producers and some are consumers Do not have specialized tissue Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena

18. Diseases cause by protists Malaria Dysentery Sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma) TREATMENT Drugs that kill the protist (ex guanine kills the malaria protist) Antibiotics Amoeba that Causes dysentery