1. SPOKES OF HOPE HOW TO BE AN EFFECTIVE MANAGER Five functions of Management & Three Primary Management Styles

2. Management can be summarized as the art of human direction in order to accomplish a goal. Management can be divided into five major categories or functions: 1.Planning 2.Directing 3.Staffing 4.Leading 5.Controlling

3. 1. Planning: Deciding on what needs to happen in the future and then generating the plans for action to achieve the organizations goal. Strategic Planning: Is the process of defining strategy or direction and making decisions about allocating resources to meet this strategy. Key components of developing a strategic plan include understanding: Vision – How do we want to look to the world. Mission – Why the organization exists and how it gets to the vision, Values - The beliefs of the organization. Strategy – How will the organization reach it’s goals. Often times refered to as the roadmap.

4. Example of Planning: The public sector, which is funded by tax revenues, it is important to create a plan for the future growth, spending and needs. Many government entities will create a five year strategic plan which will help guide the organization and prevent large spikes in the tax rate. Each detail will be planned according with goals and objectives spelled out.

5. 2.Organizing: The organizing function usually follows the planning function and can be defined as creating the pattern of relationships among workers and makes optimal use of resources to enable the accomplishment of business plans and objectives. Organizational Structure / Authority Structure 1. Organizational Structure – decides how tasks are divided and resources deployed and departments coordinated. 2. Authority Structure – is the managers formal and legitimate right to make decisions, issue orders and allocate resources to achieve an end result.

6. Authority / chain of Command: Authority is what gives the manager the rights to manage the organization. The responsibility is an employees duty to perform assigned tasks and or activities. Through delegation managers transfer authority and responsibility to subordinates. Types of authority: 1.Line authority – Managers have the power to direct and control immediate subordinates executing specific task within the chain of command. 1.Functional authority – Managers have formal power over a specific group of activities that included outside departments. 1.Staff authority – Staff specialists manage operations in their areas of expertise. Staff manager does not order or instruct simply advises, recommends and counsels staff specialists.

7. Organizational Structure and Control / Decision – Making Tall Structure – Very narrow span of management. Tight control with rapid decision making. Flat Structure – Wide span of control with few levels. Loose control and ease of delegation and slow decision making process that involves a high degree of Integration. Centralization – Decision making is done at the top levels down. Decentralization – Location of decision making authority is evenly dispersed across the company. Works well for creativity and independent operations which create value.

8. Example of Organizing: A manager in an electronics assembly organization is tasked with building a new product line and given a plan to do so. That plan includes a budget, staff area and time frame for completing. The manager must then organize the details of completing the plan, such as hiring, assignments, shift flow, overtime and other details to meet the time frame for completion.

9. 3. Staffing: Consists of job analysis, recruitment of employees and hiring people with the necessary skills and to provide the necessary training.

10. Example of staffing: Organizations hire top create a workforce which individuals workers have the skills needed to reach the goals of the organization. Placing an ad for applications and or resumes then conducting interviews to determine if he applicant has the skills needed for the position then hiring the best applicant.

11. 4.Leading: Leadership can be best defined as the process of motivation and inspiration which people follow. Different approaches to leadership: 1. Transactional leadership: emphasis on procedures, contingent reward, management by exception. 2. Transformational leadership: is characterized by charisma, personal relationships and creativity.

12. Example of Leading: Often times of war creates the best examples of people that exhibit great leadership examples. These examples can relate in many ways to business. General Norman Shwarzkopf during the Gulf War was a figure that quickly became the definition of a leader. He used his charisma, knowledge, no nonsense approach to guide the soldiers under his command. His leadership and inspiration is credited with being successful with Operation Desert Storm.

13. 5.Controlling: is defined as the systematic effort to compare performance to predetermined standards and address deficiencies. Elements of control: 1.Characteristic or condition to be controlled. 2.Sensor. This is the means for measuring the characteristic or condition. 3.The comparator. This determines the need fr correction by comparing what is occurring to what has been planned. 4.Activator. This is the corrective action taken to return the system to the expected output.

14. Example of Controlling: An example of controlling the tolerances of bike frames produced for Spokes of Hope at Schwinn. The plan is to have all frames produced to a specific tolerance to ensure quality and fit with the other components. Control: At varying intervals a frame will be selected and checked for tolerances against the desired results. If any deviation above.01% machine tolerances will be adjusted back thru the frame machines.

15. Management Styles: 1.Directing The directing style is one directions. Learning is achieved the through listening to instructions and following the directions given. Communication in this style is one way from the manager to employee. Decision Making occurs as the manager tells the employee what they need to change. Recognition occurs spontaneously praises employees who follow directions. Strength: Allows for quick decisions based on the experience of the manager. Can be used effectively in when a critical decision needs to be made and the manger has the technical skill to do so. Weakness: Employees are not part of the process and will have less buy in and feel less valued.

16. Management Styles: Example of directing: A manager for the city water department, a public sector entity, is in charge of a group of employees responsible for replacing a broken water line. A number of unknowns exist as to the exact depth and scope of the leak. An adjacent neighborhood is without water as a result. Due to the limited time and experience of the work group, the manager delegates all task for the repair.

17. Management Styles: 2.Delegating Communication occurs as the manager assigns tasks for employees to tackle independently or in small groups. Coaching is by self coaching. Decision making as employees establish goals, implement plans, and work thru issues on their own. Recognition most often takes the form of praise for employee's that work well on their own. Strength: Allows employees and small groups of employees to work somewhat independently. This methods develops employees and gets the task completed. Weakness: Can lengthen to time to completion of the task as employees are learning as they go.

18. Management Styles: Example of Delegating: A small group of officers are assigned a task to reduce calls for service in a neighborhood where crime reports have been steadily increasing. The small group is issued the restraints they must operate in in terms of additional staff, overtime and the time frame for evaluation. The group is then allowed to determine which specific direction to go in.

19. Management Styles: 3.Discussing: Communication in this style is two way between the employee and the manager. Questions are asked of the employee and the manager gauges the responses. Coaching occurs when the manager asks questions and gauges the responses of the employee. Decision making occurs as the manager and employee work together to define problems, identify and evaluate solutions. Recognition is given to employees who express their ideas clearly. Strengths: Gives employees a sense of value by allowing them input and flexibility in the plan. Weakness: For newer employees without experience or knowledge may feel lost in the process. Decision making can be slow.

20. Management Styles: Example of Discussing: An example of using this type of management style would be having a staff meeting with your employees and going over your plan as a manager. Soliciting feedback and ideas. The manager then uses the feedback to fine tune the plan moving forward.

21. References: Boundless Management. (n.d.). Retrieved from: https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management- textbook/introduction-to-management-1/principles-of-management-17/? https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management- textbook/introduction-to-management-1/principles-of-management-17/? Lorri Freifeld. (June 6, 2013). LEVERAGING 3 PRIMARY MANAGEMENT STYLES. Training. Retrieved from https://trainingmag.com/content/leveraging-3-primary- management-styles Retrieved from https://trainingmag.com/content/leveraging-3-primary- management-styles