1. EARLY AMERICAN WRITING TEST REVIEW

2. VOCABULARY Folk Literature: A genre of fiction writing that started through the oral tradition. Oral Tradition: The Sharing of stories by word of mouth by storytellers. Theme: A message or insight about life that the story gives. Universal Themes: Themes found across cultures and time periods. Moral: A lesson about life that is stated directly, usually at the end of a story.

3. VOCABULARY Myths: Tales that relate the actions of gods/goddesses and the heroes that interact with them. Legends: Traditional stories based on real-life events. Folk Tales: Reflect values and beliefs of the culture in which they were created. Fables: Animal characters; often end with a moral. Epic: Long, narrative poem important to the history of a culture; often the focus on quests.

4. VOCABULARY Cultural Characteristics: Reflection of the human condition based on the communities described in various texts. Solace: n. comfort in sorrow or distress Providence: n. an instance of divine care Tender: v. to offer formally Rendezvous: n. a gathering place Procure: v. to get by special effort; to obtain Feigned: adj. not real; pretend

5. VOCABULARY Figurative Language: words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. Metaphor: figure of speech that directly compares two unlike things without using like or as Extended Metaphor: a metaphor that draws the comparison out and compares the two things at length and in many different ways. Personification: is a figure of speech in which an object, animal, or ideas given human characteristics.

6. VOCABULARY Hyperbole: is a figure of speech in which the truth is exaggerated for emphasis. Archaic Language: words that were once in common use but that are now considered old-fashioned or out-of-date Inverted Syntax: Sentence structure in which the expected order of words is reversed.

7. 6 CHARACTERISTICS OF FOLK LITERATURE Heroes and Heroines Quests Trickster Personification Hyperbole Dialect

8. PURITAN VALUES AND BELIEFS (T.U.L.I.P.) Total Depravity through Adam and Eve's fall, every person is born sinful - concept of Original Sin. Adam and Eve’s sin had damned most people for all eternity. Humans were inherently evil and had to struggle to overcome sin.

9. PURITAN VALUES AND BELIEFS (T.U.L.I.P.) Unconditional Election God "saves" those he wishes - only a few are selected for salvation - concept of predestination. Only a select few known as the “elect” would be saved. Personal salvation depends solely on the grace of God not on individual efforts.

10. PURITAN VALUES AND BELIEFS (T.U.L.I.P.) Limited Atonement Jesus died for the chosen only, not for everyone. Jesus Christ had only been sent to earth to save particular people.

11. PURITAN VALUES AND BELIEFS (T.U.L.I.P.) Irresistible Grace God's grace is freely given, it cannot be earned or denied. Grace is defined as the saving and transfiguring power of God. It was difficult to know for certain if one is saved or damned, so the Puritans tried to behave in as exemplary a manner as possible.

12. PURITAN VALUES AND BELIEFS (T.U.L.I.P.) Perseverance of the "saints”or the “elect” those elected by God have full power to interpret the will of God, and to live uprightly. If anyone rejects grace after feeling its power in his life, he will be going against the will of God - something impossible in Puritanism.

13. PURITAN VALUES AND BELIEFS FROM THE TEXTBOOK Puritan Values – pgs. 24-25 They saw human struggle with sin as a daily mission and believed, above all else, that the Bible would help them through the torments of human weakness. Although they felt that humans were essentially sinful, they believed that some, the elect, would be spared from eternal punishment by God’s grace. Hard work, thrift, and responsibility were therefore seen as morally good, a sign that God was working within.