1. HUMAN MEMORY “Memory is the personal journalism of the soul.” - Richard Schickel “Memory is a way of holding onto the things you love, the things you are, the things you never want to lose.” – Kevin Arnold (The Wonder Years) – Kevin Arnold (The Wonder Years)

2. Can you remember….? What you had for breakfast on Sunday? What you had for breakfast on Sunday? The name of your first grade teacher? The name of your first grade teacher? The phone number of a friend from elementary school? The phone number of a friend from elementary school? Who told you about what was happening on 9/11? Who told you about what was happening on 9/11? The color of the bedspread or quilt when you moved from your crib to a bed? The color of the bedspread or quilt when you moved from your crib to a bed? The name of a person who sat next to you in 9 th grade history class? The name of a person who sat next to you in 9 th grade history class?

3. Components of Memory Encoding Encoding Storage Storage Retrieval Retrieval

4. FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULTS OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS.

5. ENCODING Attention – focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events Attention – focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events

6. Levels of Processing Theory Shallow Processing – structural encoding (physical structure) Shallow Processing – structural encoding (physical structure) Intermediate Processing – phonetic encoding (sounds) Intermediate Processing – phonetic encoding (sounds) Deep Processing – semantic encoding (meaning) Deep Processing – semantic encoding (meaning)(Demonstration)

7. Doc, Happy, Bashful, Sneezy, Sleepy, Grumpy, Dopey

8. Giving Meaning to Information Establishing a context (activity) Establishing a context (activity) Self-Referent Encoding Self-Referent Encoding Deciding how or whether information is personally relevant Deciding how or whether information is personally relevant How can teachers utilize self-referent encoding? How can teachers utilize self-referent encoding? Combining visual imagery with meaning (activity) Combining visual imagery with meaning (activity) Mnemonic Devices (peg word, acronym, method of loci) Mnemonic Devices (peg word, acronym, method of loci)

9. Automatic & Effortful Processing When do we use Automatic Processing? When do we use Automatic Processing? Space Space Time Time Frequency Frequency What is the difference between automatic processing and Effortful Processing? What is the difference between automatic processing and Effortful Processing? Rehearsal Rehearsal Effortful Processing through conscious repetition Effortful Processing through conscious repetition Spacing Effect Spacing Effect

10. Recency & Primacy Effects Serial-position effects: primacy & recency Primacy – tendency to recall stimuli introduced first (LTM) Recency – tendency to recall most recently introduced stimuli (STM) Real-life examples of serial effects?

12. Techniques for Improving Encoding Rehearsal Rehearsal Effortful Processing through conscious repetition Effortful Processing through conscious repetition Spacing Effect Spacing Effect Implications? Implications? Mnemonic devices Mnemonic devices Peg-word Peg-word Method of loci Method of loci Acronyms Acronyms

13. Hierarchies Organization of broad concepts into narrower subdivisions (superordinate & subordinate) Organization of broad concepts into narrower subdivisions (superordinate & subordinate)