2. computing ESSENTIALS    11 CHAPTER Information Technology, the Internet, and You computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

3. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY2 Competencies 能力 Information systems Application software vs. system software Computer types Types of files Connectivity, Wireless Revolution, and the Internet 连通性，无线变革与互连网 computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

4. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY3 What Is An Information Systems? People Goal is to improve the productivity （生产力 ） of people Procedures Guidelines( 指导书 ) to follow using software, hardware, data Software Hardware Data Raw unprocessed facts （ 原始的未经处理的事实） computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

5. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY4 Connectivity Allows computers to connect and share information Expands the capabilities and usefulness （有效 性） of users computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

6. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY5 People Most important part of an information system Direct contact （ 联系） Indirect contact computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

7. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY6 Software Series of instructions that process data Two kinds System software Used by the computer Application software Used by the user computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

8. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY7 System Software Enables （能使） application software to interact with computer hardware Background （后台） software Operating system software Most important system software Executes application software Stores data and programs computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

9. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY8 Application Software End-user （终端用户） software General-purpose （通用的） programs Internet Explorer, Microsoft Word, PowerPoint Special-purpose （专用的） programs Custom （定制） written for specialized tasks computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

10. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY9 Hardware Physical electronic devices Hardware functions Input/Output data Process data Storage Communication computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

11. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY10 Types of Computers Supercomputers Mainframe computers Minicomputers Microcomputers computing ESSENTIALS computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

12. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY11 Supercomputers Most powerful type of computer High data capacity （信息 容量） Used by large organizations computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

13. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY12 Mainframe Computers Capable （有能力的） of great processing speed Large data storage capacity Occupy （占用） large air-conditioned rooms computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

14. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY13 Minicomputers Also known as midrange （中型） computers Desk-sized machines Usually used for specific purposes Controlling manufacturing processes Dedicated （专项的） servers computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

15. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY14 Microcomputers Least powerful but most popular Sizes range from desktop to handheld Includes: Desktop Laptop PDAs computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

16. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY15 Microcomputer Hardware Physical equipment consist of System unit I/O devices Secondary storage computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

17. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY16 System Unit Contains most of the electronic components Significant （重要的） components Microprocessor Controls and manipulates （操作） data Memory Holds data and programs during processing computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

18. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY17 Input/Output Devices Translation devices that interface the computer with humans Input devices Keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera （数码相 机 ） Output devices Monitor, printer, speakers computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

19. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY18 Secondary Storage Devices Store data and programs even after power is shut off （关掉） Most common types Floppy disks Hard disks Optical disks (CD- ROMs, DVDs) Magnetic tapes （磁带 带） computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

20. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY19 Data Files Electronic storage of raw or processed data Common types Document Worksheet （ 工作表） Database Presentation （演示 文稿） computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

21. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY20 Connectivity Computer’s ability to communicate with other computers Computer network Share information over large distances （大跨距 ) computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

22. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY21 Wireless Revolution Most dramatic （引人注目的） change in connectivity Widespread （分布广泛的） use of mobile （移动） communications Multifunctional （多功能） devices Phones with monitors （无线耳机）, cameras PDAs with Internet connections （可上网的 PDA) computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

23. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY22 The Internet Largest network in the world Global connectivity World Wide Web Internet service providing multimedia interface computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

24. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY23 A Look to the Future （ 展望未来 ） Powerful software Tools in today‘s job market （工作市场） Powerful hardware Increasingly( 愈加） more powerful Connectivity Link with others to share information, resources Security （安全） and Privacy （独处而不受干扰） Increased connectivity increases risk （风险） too computing ESSENTIALS     computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

25. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY24 Review Five parts of information system Types of Computers Super Mainframe Mini Micro Application Software computing ESSENTIALS 2 0 0 8

26. 2016-11-22Dept.of Computer Science,XYSY25 Review Continued System Software Hardware input output system unit secondary storage (4 types) Browser