1. Word Knowledge  Pronunciation(s)  Meaning(s)  Grammatical category(ies)  Spelling(s) (if literate)  Relationship(s) with other similar words  Idioms containing it  Collocations  How to use it in sentences  Morphology

2. Vocabulary Size Number of words:  1 1/2 year old: 20-50  Six-year-old: 13,000  High school graduate: about 60,000  College student: more Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 69.

3. Word Boundary Problems Mairzy doats and dozy doats And liddle lamzy divey; A kiddley-divey too, Wouldn’t you? Mares eat oats and does eat oats, And little lambs eat ivy; A kid’ll eat ivy too, Wouldn’t you? Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 67.

4. Words in Context you See you (later). Did you go? Did you eat that already? Did you eat yet? No, did you?

5. Morphology “The study of the internal structure of words, and of the rules by which words are formed, is morphology.” Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 76.

6. Morpheme “A morpheme—the minimal linguistic sign—is thus a grammatical unit in which there is an arbitrary union of a sound and a meaning that cannot be further analyzed.” Fromkin & Rodman (1998), p. 70.

7. Examples of Morphemes 1 boy 1 desire 2 boy ish 2 desireable 3 boyishness 3 desireableity 4 gentlemanliness 4 undesireableity 7? antidisestablishmentari an ism Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 76.

8. Bound Morphemes Affixes Prefixes Suffixes (Infixes) (Circumfixes) Roots Stems

9. Unaffixed Bound Roots “It had been a rough day, so when I walked into the party I was very chalant, despite my efforts to appear gruntled and consolate. I was furling my wieldy umbrella…when I saw her…. She was a descript person…. Her hair was kempt, her clothing shevelled, and she moved in a gainly way.” “How I Met My Wife,” by Jack Winter. The New Yorker, July 25, 1994. Reprinted in Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 81.

10. Derivational Affixation nation N national ADJ nationalize V nationalization N inter national iz ation N

11. Hierarchical Structure of Derivation (Fromkin & Rodman (1998), p. 77)