1. Preview Bellringer Key Ideas What Are Drugs? Types of Medicines Chapter 9 Section 1 Drugs

2. Bellringer Name four medicines that you have heard of. What is each of these medicines used for? Chapter 9

3. Section 1 Drugs Key Ideas List three qualities that make a drug useful as a medicine. Name the two sources of all drugs. Identify four different types of medicines and their effects on the body. Identify five different ways that drugs can enter the body. Describe why some drugs are considered drugs of abuse. Chapter 9

4. Section 1 Drugs What Are Drugs? A drug is any substance that causes a change in a person’s physical or psychological state. Medicines are drugs used to cure, prevent, or treat illness or discomfort. What do each of these “mean”? Cure… Prevent… Treat… Chapter 9

5. Good medicines have the following qualities: Effectiveness Safety Minor side effects What is a side effect? Page 219 Section 1 Drugs What Are Drugs? Chapter 9

6. Section 1 Drugs What Are Drugs? Drugs of abuse are drugs that people take for mind- altering effects that have no medical purpose. Drugs of abuse can change the way your brain works in ways that are not healthy. Drugs of abuse can lead to addiction and long-term health problems. Chapter 9

7. Section 1 Drugs What Are Drugs? All drugs are chemicals that come from one of two sources: Chapter 9 Naturals sources, such as plants, animals, or fungi Laboratories – man made in a lab; “synthetic”

8. Section 1 Drugs Question… Chapter 9 What is America’s most popular drug? About 80-90 percent of the American population consume this drug on a DAILY basis. Shocker, Shocker… it is LEGAL!!!

9. Section 1 Drugs Types of Medicines A prescription is a written order from a doctor for a specific medicine. Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines can be bought without a prescription. Chapter 9

10. Section 1 Drugs Extra, Extra… Read all About it!! Extra Credit… take it while you can get it!! Research a brand name medication (ex: Tylenol, NyQuil, Neosporin, etc) and a generic of the same medicine. Is there any difference in the ingredients? Is there a difference in price? Is one better than the other? Which would you buy? Chapter 9

11. Section 1 Drugs Chapter 9

12. Section 1 Drugs Chapter 9

13. Section 1 Drugs Types of Medicines Drugs can be taken into the body in the following ways: Chapter 9 Implanted pumps Inhalation Injection Transdermal patches Ingestion Topical application

14. Section 1 Drugs Assignment… Ch. 9 Section 1 Worksheet… This will be graded as a quiz, so use your book and answer correctly!! Start the 3 rd quarter off on a good note… get it done NOW!! Smile… and have a GREAT day!! Chapter 9

15. Preview Bellringer Key Ideas Approving Drugs for Medical Use Prescription Medicines Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines How to Read an OTC Label Possible Problems with Medicines Using Medicines Wisely Chapter 9 Section 2 Drugs as Medicines

16. Bellringer What are some reasons you think prescription and OTC medications have instructions and precautions written on their packaging? Chapter 9

17. Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Key Ideas Describe the process by which drugs are approved for medical use. State two reasons why prescriptions are required for some medicines. State two factors to consider when choosing over- the-counter (OTC) medicines. Describe three problems that can occur when taking some medicines. List six things you should do to be able to use medicines wisely. Chapter 9

18. Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Let’s Review… Chapter 9 Types of Medicines Relieve Pain Fight Pathogens Prevent Disease Promote Health

19. A vaccine is a weak or dead virus injected into the body Antibodies are produced by the body The body kills the virus The body makes “memory” cells in case it ever encounters the virus again Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Prevention…. How a Vaccine Works? Chapter 9

20. Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Approving Drugs for Medical Use The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was created in 1906 to control the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics in the United States. The FDA uses an approval process for proving a drug is safe and effective. Some steps include: Chapter 9 Chemical or cell-culture testing in laboratories Testing on animals Testing on human volunteers Clinical trials to compare to existing drugs

21. Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Prescription Medicines Prescription medications should only be taken with a doctor’s recommendation and supervision. If my brother has a sinus infection, and has an antibiotic… can we share his antibiotic now that I have the sinus infection too? Taking someone else’s medication or failing to follow the prescription can be dangerous. Chapter 9

22. Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Prescription Medicines What type of information is given with a prescription?: Chapter 9 Dosage (how much you should take) When you should take the medicine How often you should take the medicine The length of time you should take the medicine

23. Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medicines Most OTC medicines are used for common illnesses, injuries, and disorders. Chapter 9 Long-term use of OTC medicines can cover up more serious problems. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor. Herbal remedies and dietary supplements are not regulated by the FDA the same way that drugs are. Because they may have not been thoroughly tested, herbal remedies and dietary supplements may not be safe or effective.

24. Section 2 Drugs as Medicines How to Read an OTC Label ***Page 225*** Chapter 9

25. Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Possible Problems with Medicines Allergic reactions are the most serious risks to taking medicines. Symptoms of anaphylactic shock include: Chapter 9 Itching all over the body Swelling, especially in the mouth or throat Wheezing or difficulty breathing A pounding heart Fainting and unconsciousness Check out the dude on page 226… YIKES!!

26. Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Possible Problems with Medicines Side effects are more common problems than medicine allergies. Recall from section 1 – what is a side effect? Drug interactions occur when a drug reacts with another drug, food, or dietary supplement to increase or decrease the effect of one of the substances. Labels on OTC packages or drug information sheets describe possible drug interactions and may also list potential side effects. Chapter 9

27. Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Possible Problems with Medicines Chapter 9 Scenario Time…. Dean has high blood sugar, asthma, and low blood pressure. As a result, he sees several medical specialists. Each of his doctors prescribed one or more medications to treat his problems. Why might this situation be dangerous? How can Dean help protect himself?

28. Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Using Medicines Wisely 1.Be prepared to ask questions. 2.Learn the facts about any medicine you take. 3.Listen to your body. 4.It’s not always safe to suddenly stop taking a drug. 5.Speak up and enlist your parents’ help. Chapter 9

29. Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Using Medicines Wisely Chapter 9

30. Section 2 Drugs as Medicines Chapter 9 Reading a Prescription Label Homework… Complete the worksheet on how to read a prescription label. This will be due next class. If you see somebody without a smile… give them one of yours!! Have a great day…

31. Preview Bellringer Key Ideas How Drugs That Affect the Brain Work The Path to Addiction Addiction is a Treatable Disease Chapter 9 Section 3 Drugs and the Brain

32. Bellringer Write a response to the following statement: “If I want to use drugs, it’s my choice and it doesn’t affect anybody else beside me.” Chapter 9

33. Section 3 Drugs and the Brain Key Ideas Describe how drugs that affect the brain work. State how drugs can affect a person’s emotions. Describe how addiction can develop from experimentation. Summarize the role of withdrawal in maintaining a drug addiction. Describe why addiction is considered a treatable and avoidable disease. Chapter 9

34. Section 3 Drugs and the Brain How Drugs That Affect the Brain Work The brain is made of many nerve cells called neurons. Information processing in the brain takes place at the connections between neurons, called synapses. Signals are passed across synapses by chemicals called neurotransmitters. Examples: Serotonin, Dopamine, Epinephrine Chapter 9

35. Section 3 Drugs and the Brain How Drugs That Affect the Brain Work Some drugs affect the way neurons communicate by acting like neurotransmitters, blocking neurotransmitters, or changing the amount of neurotransmitters. These changes can affect our moods and emotions. Chapter 9

36. Section 3 Drugs and the Brain Addiction Chapter 9 Question: How do you know if someone is addicted to a drug?

37. Section 3 Drugs and the Brain The Path to Addiction Addiction is a condition in which a person can no longer control his or her drug use. Most drugs of abuse activate the brain reward system, which releases chemicals that give pleasure. Pleasure alone does not cause addiction. People who become addicts usually start by experimenting, then more regular use leads to a series of changes on the path to addiction. Chapter 9

38. Section 3 Drugs and the Brain WARNING!!!!! Chapter 9 Teenage brains are more vulnerable to the effects of drugs because they are still growing and developing. Drug use permanently changes the brain and interferes with this development.

39. Section 3 Drugs and the Brain The Path to Addiction Chapter 9 What is tolerance? Page 232 What is dependence? Page 233 Physical vs. Psychological?

40. Section 3 Drugs and the Brain Addiction is a Treatable Disease The symptoms that occur when a drug user stops using a drug are collectively called withdrawal. Stopping drug use can be very difficult because the withdrawal symptoms are often very unpleasant. Chapter 9

41. Section 3 Drugs and the Brain Addiction is a Treatable Disease Drug addiction is a brain disorder, and it is treatable. Most communities offer a variety of treatment programs for addiction. The best way to avoid addiction is to avoid drugs of abuse altogether. Page 234 – Let’s read the last paragraph together. Chapter 9

42. Section 3 Drugs and the Brain Use, Misuse, Abuse… what’s the difference? Chapter 9 Drug Use: using a drug correctly for a legitimate medical purpose Drug Misuse: using a drug incorrectly (taking too much, too often, not following directions) for a medical purpose Drug Abuse: using drugs for non-medical purposes to experience the mind altering effects, despite the damage it does to the body

43. Section 3 Drugs and the Brain Homework… Chapter 9 Complete the provided worksheet… due next class. Utilize your time… Make good decisions and lead a healthy life!! Be the change you wish to see in the world!