1. Chapter Thirteen Special Senses: Eye and Ear

2. “A beautiful eye makes silence eloquent, a kind eye makes contradiction an assent, an enraged eye makes beauty deformed. This little member gives life to every part about us.” – Joseph Addison Quote 2 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

3. Functions and Specialties/Specialists  Functions  Vision (opt/o, optic/o)  Hearing (audi/o, acous/o)  Specialties  Ophthalmology  Optometry  Audiology  Otorhinolaryngology  Specialists  Ophthalmologist  Optometrist  Audiologist  Otorhinolaryngologist 3 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

4.  Ocular adnexa  Orbit  Eyebrows  Canthi  Eyelids (palpebr/o, blephar/o)  Palpebral fissure  Conjunctivae (conjunctiv/o) The Eye (ophthalm/o, ocul/o) Ocular adnexa 4 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

5.  Glands  Meibomian  Lacrimal (lacrim/o) Lacrimation  Lacrimal glands (dacryoaden/o)  Lacrimal sacs (dacryocyst/o)  Nasolacrimal ducts  Extraocular muscles  Rectus  Oblique The Eye (Cont.) 5 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

6.  The eyeball  Outer layer/fibrous tunic Sclera (scler/o) Cornea (kerat/o, corne/o) Limbus The Eye (Cont.) 6 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

7.  The combining form kerat/o means hard or horny and refers to both the skin and the cornea. This is because the cornea is formed from the same tissue as the epidermis. Did You Know? 7 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

8.  Middle layer/vascular tunic  Uvea (uve/o) (choroid, ciliary body, iris) Iris (ir/o, irid/o) Pupil (pupill/o, cor/o, core/o) Ciliary body (cycl/o) Lens (phac/o, phak/o) Aqueous and vitreous (vitre/o) humors The Eye (Cont.) 8 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

9.  Inner layer/nervous tunic  Retina (retin/o) Rods Cones Macula lutea (macul/o) Fovea Optic disk (papill/o) The Eye (Cont.) 9 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

10.  A combining form for the lens is: A. palpebr/o B. phak/o C. cor/o D. cycl/o Clicker Question 10 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

11.  Blepharedema  Blepharitis  Blepharochalasis  Blepharoptosis  Ectropion  Entropion Terms Related to Eyelid Disorders Entropion From Seidel: Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 5, Mosby Ectropion 11 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

12.  Chalazion  Meibomian cyst  Hordeolum Terms Related to Eyelash Disorders Chalazion Hordeolum From Zitelli: Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis, ed 5, Mosby 12 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

13.  Dacryoadenitis  Dacryocystitis  Epiphora  Xerophthalmia Terms Related to Tear Gland Disorders Dacryocystitis From Zitelli: Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis, ed 5, Mosby 13 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

14.  Conjunctivitis  Ophthalmia neonatorum Terms Related to Conjunctiva Disorders Conjunctivitis From Seidel: Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 5, Mosby 14 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

15.  What is the term for a drooping of the upper eyelid? A. blepharitis B. blepharochalasis C. blepharoptosis D. entropion Clicker Question 15 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

16.  Amblyopia  Diplopia  Emmetropia  Exophthalmia  Strabismus Terms Related to Eye Muscle and Orbital Disorders Exophthalmia From Seidel: Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 6, Mosby 16 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

17.  Esotropia  Exotropia  Photophobia Terms Related to Eye Muscle and Orbital Disorders (Cont.) Esotropia From Zitelli: Atlas of pediatric phsyical diagnosis, ed 5, Mosby 17 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

18.  Photophobia may mean “sensitivity to light” when used to describe the eyes, or “fear of light” when used to describe a psychiatric condition. Did You Know? 18 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

19.  Myopia  Hyperopia  Astigmatism  Presbyopia Terms Related to Refraction and Accommodation Disorders Refraction errors 19 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

20.  Corneal ulcer  Keratitis Terms Related to Sclera Disorders Corneal ulcer From Seidel et al: Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 6, Mosby 20 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

21.  Anisocoria  Hyphema  Uveitis Terms Related to Uvea Disorders Anisocoria 21 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

22.  Aphakia  Cataract Terms Related to Lens Disorders Cataract From Black and Hawks: Medical-surgical nursing, ed 8, Saunders 22 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

23.  Glaucoma Terms Related to Lens Disorders (Cont.) Glaucoma 23 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

24.  What is the term for unequally sized pupils? A. anisocoria B. aphakia C. hyphema D. glaucoma Clicker Question 24 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

25.  Achromatopsia  Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD/AMD) Terms Related to Retina Disorders Macular degeneration 25 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

26.  Diabetic retinopathy  Hemianopsia  Nyctalopia Terms Related to Retina Disorders (Cont.) Diabetic retinopathy 26 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

27.  Retinal tear, retinal detachment  Retinitis pigmentosa  Scotoma Terms Related to Retina Disorders (Cont.) Retinal tear detachment From Monahan et al: Phipps’ medical-surgical nursing, ed 8, Mosby 27 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

28.  Nystagmus  Optic neuritis Terms Related to Optic Nerve Disorders 28 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

29.  Benign  Choroidal hemangioma  Malignant  Intraocular melanoma  Retinoblastoma Terms Related to Benign and Malignant Neoplasms of the Eye Retinoblastoma From Damjanov: Anderson’s pathology, ed 10, Mosby 29 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

30.  What is the term for loss of half of one’s visual field? A. nyctalopia B. scotoma C. achromatopsia D. hemianopsia Clicker Question 30 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

31. Age Matters  Pediatrics  Conjunctivitis  Geriatrics  ARMD  Cataracts  Diabetic retinopathy  Presbyopia 31 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

32.  Amsler grid  Diopters  Fluorescein angiography  Fluorescein staining  Gonioscopy  Ophthalmic sonography  Ophthalmoscopy Terms Related to Diagnostic Procedures Amsler grid showing visual changes caused by fluid leakage under the retina From Seidel: Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 6, Mosby 32 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

33.  Schirmer tear test  Slit lamp examination  Tonometry  Visual acuity (VA) assessment  Snellen chart Terms Related to Diagnostic Procedures (Cont.) Snellen chart 33 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

34.  Visual field (VF) test Terms Related to Diagnostic Procedures (Cont.) Assessment of visual fields From Black and Hawks: Medical-surgical nursing, ed 8, Saunders 34 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

35.  Which diagnostic procedure is used to visualize the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye? A. ophthalmoscopy B. gonioscopy C. ophthalmic sonography D. tonometry Clicker Question 35 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

36.  Blepharoplasty  Blepharorrhaphy  Dacryocystorhinostomy  Enucleation of the eye  Evisceration of the eye  Exenteration of the eye Terms Related to Interventions of the Eyeball and Adnexa Enucleation From Swartz: Textbook of physical diagnosis, history and examination, ed 5, Saunders 36 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

37.  Anterior ciliary sclerotomy  Corneal incision procedure  Astigmatic keratotomy (AK)  Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)  Corneal transplant  Flap procedure  Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) Terms Related to Scleral and Corneal Procedures LASIK 37 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

38.  Cataract extraction  Intraocular lenses (IOLs)  Phacoemulsification and aspiration of a cataract Terms Related to Lens Interventions Cataract extraction 38 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

39.  Coreoplasty  Goniotomy  Trabeculotomy Terms Related to Iris Interventions 39 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

40.  Retinal photocoagulation  Scleral buckling  Vitrectomy Terms Related to Retina Interventions Scleral buckling 40 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

41.  Which of the following is a procedure to repair the pupil? A. scleral buckling B. goniotomy C. trabeculectomy D. coreoplasty Clicker Question 41 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

42.  Antibiotics  Antiglaucoma drugs  Antihistamines  Cycloplegics  Lubricants Pharmacology 42 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

43.  Miotics  Mydriatics  Ophthalmic angiogenesis inhibitors  Ophthalmics  Topical anesthetics Pharmacology (Cont.) 43 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

44.  Which type of medication is used to dilate the pupil for the purpose of examination of the eye? A. cycloplegic B. antihistamine C. miotic D. mydriatic Clicker Question 44 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

45.  Outer ear/external ear  Middle ear  Inner ear/labyrinth (labyrinth/o)  Mastoid process The Ear (ot/o, aur/o, auricul/o) The ear 45 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

46.  Outer/external ear  Pinna/auricle  External auditory canal  Cerumen (cerumin/o)  External auditory meatus (meat/o)  Tympanic membrane (tympan/o, myring/o) The Ear (Cont.) 46 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

47.  Middle ear  Ossicles/ossicular chain (ossicul/o) Malleus Incus Stapes (staped/o)  Oval window  Eustachian tube (salping/o) The Ear (Cont.) 47 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

48.  Inner ear/labyrinth (labyrinth/o)  Membranous and bony labyrinth  Perilymph and endolymph  Bony labyrinth Vestibule (vestibul/o)  Utricle  Saccule Semicircular canals  Crista ampullaris The Ear (Cont.) 48 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

49.  Parts of the bony labyrinth  Cochlea (cochle/o) Organ of Corti Vestibulocochlear nerve/eighth cranial nerve The Ear (Cont.) 49 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

50.  Which of the following combining forms names a structure in the middle ear? A. cochle/o B. meat/o C. staped/o D. mastoid/o Clicker Question 50 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

51.  Otalgia/otodynia  Otorrhea  Tinnitus  Vertigo Terms Related to Symptomatic Disorders 51 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

52.  Impacted cerumen  Macrotia  Microtia  Otitis externa Terms Related to Outer Ear Disorders 52 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

53.  Cholesteatoma  Infectious myringitis  Mastoiditis  Otitis media (OM)  Otosclerosis Terms Related to Middle Ear Disorders Mastoiditis From Stone and Garbach: Atlas of infectious diseases, Saunders 53 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

54.  A condition of abnormally large auricles is: A. macrotia B. microtia C. otosclerosis D. cholesteatoma Clicker Question 54 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

55.  Labyrinthitis  Meniere disease  Ruptured tympanic membrane Terms Related to Inner Ear Disorders Tympanic membrane perforation From Zitelli: Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis, ed 5, Mosby 55 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

56.  Anacusis  Paracusis  Presbycusis  Conductive hearing loss  Sensorineural hearing loss Terms Related to Hearing Loss Disorders 56 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

57.  Acoustic neuroma  Ceruminoma Terms Related to Benign Neoplasms of the Ear 57 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

58.  Which term is a loss of hearing common in old age? A. anacusis B. paracusis C. presbycusis D. Meniere disease Clicker Question 58 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

59. Age Matters  Pediatric  Otitis media  Hearing loss  Geriatrics  Presbycusis 59 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

60.  Audiometric testing  Audiometer  Audiogram Terms Related to Hearing Tests Audiograms 60 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

61.  Pure tone audiometry  Speech audiometry  Rinne tuning fork test  Weber tuning fork test Terms Related to Hearing Tests (Cont.) A, Weber test. B, Rinne test From Seidel: Mosby’s guide to examination, ed 6, Mosby 61 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

62.  Otoscopy  Otoscope  Tympanometry  Tympanogram Terms Related to Hearing Tests (Cont.) Otoscopy From Seidel: Mosby’s guide to examination, ed 6, Mosby 62 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

63.  Universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS)  Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs)  Auditory brainstem response (ABR) Terms Related to Hearing Tests (Cont.) 63 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

64.  Cochlear implant  Hearing aid  Mastoidectomy  Otoplasty  Stapedectomy Terms Related to Therapeutic Interventions Cochlear implant 64 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

65.  Tympanoplasty  Tympanostomy/ myringostomy  Tympanotomy/ myringotomy Terms Related to Therapeutic Interventions (Cont.) Tympanostomy tube in place From Zitelli: Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis, ed 5, Mosby 65 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

66.  Which of the following is a surgical or plastic repair of the external ear? A. otoplasty B. cochlear implant C. tympanoplasty D. stapedectomy Clicker Question 66 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

67.  Antibiotics  Ceruminolytics  Decongestants  Otics Pharmacology 67 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

68.  Which type of medication is administered to break down earwax? A. antibiotic B. ceruminolytic C. decongestant D. otic Clicker Question 68 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

69. Sort these Terms into their Correct Categories Terms 1. diopters 2. tympanometry 3. canthus 4. stapes 5. xerophthalmia 6. otalgia 7. scleral buckling 8. cochlear implant Categories __ A+P __ Pathology __ Diagnostic Procedures __ Therapeutic Interventions 69 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

70. “Become the change you want to see—those are words I live by.” –Oprah Winfrey Parting Thought 70 Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.