1. GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES (GENETIC ENGINEERING)

2. CLONING What: Making an exact genetic copy of an organism Why: Medicine, Stem Cells, Farming, Endangered Species How: –Nucleus is removed from an egg cell of DONOR A –Nucleus of body cell from DONOR B is inserted into DONOR A’s egg –Egg cell is forced to divide using electricity = Embryo –Embryo is placed in Uterus of DONOR C –Baby is born. The baby is a clone of DONOR B because it has that donor’s DNA. Examples: Sheep (Dolly), Cattle, Stem Cells, ZoosDolly

3. CLONING

4. CLONING POSITIVES Save an endangered species Surplus of a desired trait Genetic Research Medical Advancements NEGATIVES No variety Shorter life span Faster Aging Moral concerns

5. SELECTIVE BREEDING What: mating two organisms that have desired traits to produce one organism with both desired traits –“Artificial Selection” How: –Large Strawberries crossed with Sweet Strawberries –Large, Sweet Strawberries are produced Examples: Fruits/Vegetables, Cattle, Dogs, Race horses

6. SELECTIVE BREEDING

9. RECOMBINANT DNA What: combining DNA from two different sources to produce the expression of a desired gene How: –Plasmid = circular bacterial DNA –Restriction Enzymes “cut” open the plasmid and cut out a desired gene from the human’s DNA –Other Enzymes “paste” the human gene into the DNA of the plasmid –The bacteria now starts producing the protein coded for in that gene. –When the bacteria reproduces (asexually), it will also make copies of the human gene. Examples: Insulin (Cutting and Pasting a Gene)

10. RECOMBINANT DNA

13. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS What: gel showing what different genes are present in a sequence of DNA based on the size of the gene Why: paternity tests, crime scenes, locating genes, comparing organisms How: –Restriction Enzymes cut the DNA at different locations –DNA (negative charge) is placed in a gel –Electricity (positive charge) is applied to the gel –DNA travels down the gel forming a unique pattern Small/Light pieces travel far Large/Heavy pieces don’t travel far Examples:

14. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS Demo

15. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS Simulation