1. PARTS OF SPEECH

2. NOUNS AND PRONOUNS Nouns and pronouns make up the subject of the sentence. Nouns and pronouns make up the subject of the sentence. The subject is what the sentence is about. The subject is what the sentence is about. Nouns- People, places, things, and ideas Nouns- People, places, things, and ideas Pronouns- words that can stand in for nouns in a sentence Pronouns- words that can stand in for nouns in a sentence

3. NOUNS- COMMON OR PROPER Nouns are classified as either common or proper Nouns are classified as either common or proper Common nouns are the everyday, generic versions (these are never capitalized) Common nouns are the everyday, generic versions (these are never capitalized) state state phone phone woman woman Proper nouns are the specific name of a person, place, or thing (these are always capitalized) Proper nouns are the specific name of a person, place, or thing (these are always capitalized) Kentucky Kentucky iPhone 6 iPhone 6 Ms. Eveleth Ms. Eveleth

4. NOUNS- SINGULAR OR PLURAL Nouns can either be singular or plural Nouns can either be singular or plural Singular-means only one Singular-means only one Boy Boy Book Book office office Plural- means more than one Plural- means more than one Nouns follow specific rules to become plural. Nouns follow specific rules to become plural. Boys Boys Books Books Offices Offices Mouse Fox Wish Mice Foxes Wishes

5. PRONOUNS Pronouns can replace the nouns in a sentence to make the sentence easier to understand. Pronouns can replace the nouns in a sentence to make the sentence easier to understand. Common pronouns include: I, me, my, her, she, him, his, they, theirs, ours, them, us, you, it Common pronouns include: I, me, my, her, she, him, his, they, theirs, ours, them, us, you, it Any word that ends in –self or –selves Any word that ends in –self or –selves Words like that, few, many, some, anyone, several, all, etc. are also pronouns Words like that, few, many, some, anyone, several, all, etc. are also pronouns They take the place of an indefinite amount of things or people. They take the place of an indefinite amount of things or people.

6. Pronouns take the place of what? Pronouns take the place of what? Noun Noun The word that a pronoun replaces is called an antecedent. The word that a pronoun replaces is called an antecedent. Pronouns must always agree with their antecedents in: Pronouns must always agree with their antecedents in: Number (singular or plural) Number (singular or plural) Gender (he, she, or it) Gender (he, she, or it) Person(1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd ) Person(1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd ) PRONOUNS & ANTECEDENTS

7. 3 types of point of view 3 types of point of view 1 st Person 1 st Person Use when talking about yourself Use when talking about yourself I used the phone to call home. I used the phone to call home. Those books belong to me? Those books belong to me? 2 nd Person 2 nd Person Use when talking to someone next to you Use when talking to someone next to you Would you like to go see a movie? Would you like to go see a movie? Are those your magazines? Are those your magazines? 3 rd Person 3 rd Person Use when you are talking about a third person that isn’t there Use when you are talking about a third person that isn’t there He has the best free throw record of the whole team. He has the best free throw record of the whole team. What is her favorite song? What is her favorite song? I can’t think of a better place for it. I can’t think of a better place for it. POINT OF VIEW

8. The shoppers couldn’t find it car in the parking lot. The shoppers couldn’t find it car in the parking lot. Ricardo liked the movie, but they liked the popcorn more. Ricardo liked the movie, but they liked the popcorn more. When the bad news arrived, she came with some good news. When the bad news arrived, she came with some good news.

9. WHAT’S A VERB? Verbs are action words. A verb can express Verbs are action words. A verb can express A physical action (to swim, to write, to play) A physical action (to swim, to write, to play) A mental action (to think, to guess) A mental action (to think, to guess) A state of being (to be, to exist, to appear) A state of being (to be, to exist, to appear) Jane walked to the store. We think you are incorrect.

10. VERB TENSE (SIMPLE) Different forms a verb are called Tenses Different forms a verb are called Tenses Simple Present Tense Simple Present Tense Action that happens now or on a regular basis Action that happens now or on a regular basis She is teaching right now. She is teaching right now. Simple Past Tense Simple Past Tense Shows something that happened in the past Shows something that happened in the past She taught this class last week. She taught this class last week. Simple Future Tense Simple Future Tense Shows something that has not happened yet Shows something that has not happened yet Future tense is formed by using a helping verb like will or shall to the present tense Future tense is formed by using a helping verb like will or shall to the present tense She will be teaching for the next few weeks. She will be teaching for the next few weeks.

11. REGULAR VS IRREGULAR VERBS Regular Verb Regular Verb To form the past tense of most verbs, add –ed To form the past tense of most verbs, add –ed Jump → Jumped Jump → Jumped To form the present tense of most verbs, add –s or –es. To form the present tense of most verbs, add –s or –es. Speak → Speaks Speak → Speaks To form the future tense of most verbs, add a helping verb before the main verb To form the future tense of most verbs, add a helping verb before the main verb Fix → will fix Fix → will fix

12. IRREGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS With irregular verbs, there is no rule... With irregular verbs, there is no rule... Sometimes the verb changes completely:sing, sang, sung Sometimes the verb changes completely:sing, sang, sung Sometimes there is "half" a change: buy, bought, bought Sometimes there is "half" a change: buy, bought, bought Sometimes there is no change: cut, cut, cut Sometimes there is no change: cut, cut, cut

13. ADJECTIVES Adjectives describe, or modify, the noun or pronoun. Adjectives describe, or modify, the noun or pronoun. They Describe which one, what kind, or how many. They Describe which one, what kind, or how many. The large dog chased three brown cats through a long and winding alley. Adjectives usually appear next to the noun or pronoun, but can sometimes be in other parts of the sentence. Adjectives usually appear next to the noun or pronoun, but can sometimes be in other parts of the sentence.

14. WHAT KIND, HOW MANY, WHICH ONE? Dan decided that the fuzzy green bread would make an unappetizing sandwich. Dan decided that the fuzzy green bread would make an unappetizing sandwich. What kind of bread? Fuzzy and green! What kind of sandwich? Unappetizing! What kind of bread? Fuzzy and green! What kind of sandwich? Unappetizing! Seven hungry space aliens slithered into the diner and ordered vanilla milkshakes. Seven hungry space aliens slithered into the diner and ordered vanilla milkshakes. How many hungry space aliens? Seven! How many hungry space aliens? Seven! The most unhealthy item from the cafeteria is the steak sub. The most unhealthy item from the cafeteria is the steak sub. Which item from the cafeteria? Certainly not the steak sub! Which item from the cafeteria? Certainly not the steak sub!

15. FIND THE ADJECTIVES! * REMEMBER TO ASK WHAT KIND, HOW MANY, WHICH ONE?* The star-shaped kite glided through the air. The star-shaped kite glided through the air. Jennifer covered her bedroom walls with neon green paint. Jennifer covered her bedroom walls with neon green paint. The racing boat zoomed over the calm surface of the lake. The racing boat zoomed over the calm surface of the lake. The cave was dark and cold. The cave was dark and cold. Many fans turned out for the big championship game. Many fans turned out for the big championship game.

16. ADJECTIVES TO HELP COMPARE Adjectives help to compare two nouns. Jane is shorter than her brother. Shorter describes Jane in relation to her brother. Fido has the largest bark of all the dogs at the park Largest describes the bark of Fido in relation to the bark of the other dogs. Use –er to compare only two things. Use –est to compare three or more things. Use with small words (two syllables or less) Big, small, large, short, tall, etc.

17. COMPARING WITH ADJECTIVES When the adjective you are using has two or more syllables When the adjective you are using has two or more syllables When comparing two things, use more or less. (comparative) When comparing two things, use more or less. (comparative) Wanda is more dedicated than Jamie. Wanda is more dedicated than Jamie. Juliet as less experience than Romeo. Juliet as less experience than Romeo. When comparing three or more things, use most or least. (superlative) When comparing three or more things, use most or least. (superlative) She is the most dedicated student I have ever had in class. She is the most dedicated student I have ever had in class. She is the least experienced candidate for the position. She is the least experienced candidate for the position.

18. ADVERBS Adverbs are words that modify, or describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Adverbs are words that modify, or describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. An adverb can describe how an action happens. An adverb can describe how an action happens. example: Jason quickly read the book. example: Jason quickly read the book. How did Jason read? Quickly. How did Jason read? Quickly. An adverb can describe when an action happens. An adverb can describe when an action happens. example: Emma left early. example: Emma left early. When did Emma leave? Early. When did Emma leave? Early. An adverb can describe where an action happens. An adverb can describe where an action happens. example: Lily and Ben played here. example: Lily and Ben played here. Where did Lily and Ben play? Here. Where did Lily and Ben play? Here.

19. COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE ADVERBS Comparative adverbs compare the action of two people or things. Comparative adverbs compare the action of two people or things. Sam ran faster than John. Sam ran faster than John. compares the action (ran) of Sam and John. compares the action (ran) of Sam and John. Superlative adverbs compare the action (verb) of a group larger than two. Superlative adverbs compare the action (verb) of a group larger than two. Sam ran the fastest of everyone. Sam ran the fastest of everyone. Compares Sam’s action to everyone else's. Compares Sam’s action to everyone else's.