1. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero Chapter 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrDbiKQOtlU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJzJKvkWWDc

2. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Open or closed circulatory system? Arthropods & Mollusks onlyEverything else

3. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Osmotic Pressure & Hydrostatic Pressure, how fluid exchange occurs (interstitial fluid) arteriole side vs venous side Loss of resistance loss of fluid volume

4. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5. Blood Constituents: 4-6 L Cells of the blood: RBC &WBC, Platelets (45%) where are they produced? Plasma (liquid): (55%) Plasma is composed of ? What is cholesterol? HDL (“good”) & LDL (“bad”) cholesterol?

6. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cellular elements of blood: Pluripotent stem cells RBC production stimulated by: Erythropoetin What is high altitude training?

7. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Counter current exchange

8. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Counter current flow in fish gills Better O2 exchange efficiency

9. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Alveoli: site of O2 and CO2 exchange

10. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Alveolus

11. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Diaphragm Muscles: negative pressure breathing, a passive process!

12. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings CO 2 + H 2 O = ?? Bicarbonate buffer in blood

13. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings How the nervous system controls the circulatory and respiratory systems:

14. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Daphnia – effect of temperature on heart rate Modulation of heart rate in the simple planktonic crustacean Daphnia by temperature and by caffeine concentration Elliott1, N. Pinnington, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom “Daphnia heart rate was highly temperature dependent, falling from 320- 330 min -1 at room temperature (21°C) to around 50 min -1 at 3°C.”

15. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings For Lab 10: Tidal volume Vital capacity Residual volume

16. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Defining lung capacity Tidal volume is the amount of air taken into the lungs in a single breath. In the average adult, tidal volume is about 0.5 liters. However, the lungs can hold a total of about 4- 6 liters, which is close to ten times the tidal volume. This amount is known as the vital capacity. Vital capacity is the maximum volume expelled after maximal inspiration. Vital capacity can only be reached during strenuous exercise. In order to find the total lung capacity (TLC), we must take the residual volume (the volume remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration) into account. Total lung capacity can be found by adding the vital capacity and the residual volume. The residual volume is usually 25 % of the TLC while the Vital capacity makes up the other 75%.

17. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings (Lab 10) Blood pressure 1.Pressurize cuff until no heartbeat 2.Release until heartbeat first heard Systolic (large number) 3.Release pressure until no heart sound Diastolic (small number) What is a pulse? What is peripheral resistance? How do the above relate to heart disease? – Atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, heart attack, stroke

18. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stethoscope http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nnfbOVjG3 _4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDMgTfjPL Fk&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lwe_Znem 3HE&feature=related

19. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood pressure cuff http://youtube.com/watch?v=luppKLO74vg&featur e=relatedhttp://youtube.com/watch?v=luppKLO74vg&featur e=related http://youtube.com/watch?v=u6saTO8_o2g&featur e=relatedhttp://youtube.com/watch?v=u6saTO8_o2g&featur e=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTFu6JubU- A&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTFu6JubU- A&feature=related BP = Systole / Diastole such as 120 / 80