1. Reconstruction

2. Lincoln’s Plan Lincoln wanted the nation whole again, he didn’t want to punish the South for the war.Lincoln wanted the nation whole again, he didn’t want to punish the South for the war. Amnesty- an official pardonAmnesty- an official pardon 13 th Amendment- Outlawed slavery in America13 th Amendment- Outlawed slavery in America The Freedmen’s Bureau- Agency set up to help freed slaves and poor whites in the South after the war- distributed food, set up schools and colleges for African Americans, helped find homes and jobs.The Freedmen’s Bureau- Agency set up to help freed slaves and poor whites in the South after the war- distributed food, set up schools and colleges for African Americans, helped find homes and jobs.

4. Thirteenth Amendment "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” Adopted on December 6, 1865 (8 months after the Civil War ended and Lincoln’s assassination)Adopted on December 6, 1865 (8 months after the Civil War ended and Lincoln’s assassination) Outlaws slavery in AmericaOutlaws slavery in America

6. Thirteenth Amendment Barriers Southerners fought back against the 13 th Amendment in 2 main ways.Southerners fought back against the 13 th Amendment in 2 main ways. –They instituted “Black Codes” almost identical to “Slave Codes to control African American behavior and freedoms. –They set up sharecropping- which kept freed African Americans working on the plantations. It was like slavery and freedmen had little chance of being truly free.

7. Lincoln Assassination April 14, 1865- Lincoln attends the play “our American Cousin” at Ford’s Theatre.April 14, 1865- Lincoln attends the play “our American Cousin” at Ford’s Theatre. John Wilkes Booth and conspirators plan to kill Lincoln, Johnson, and Seward at the same timeJohn Wilkes Booth and conspirators plan to kill Lincoln, Johnson, and Seward at the same time Lincoln dies at 7:30 am on the 15 thLincoln dies at 7:30 am on the 15 th John Wilkes Booth succeeded in his effort to kill President LincolnJohn Wilkes Booth succeeded in his effort to kill President Lincoln

8. Andrew Johnson Becomes 17 th president after Lincoln diesBecomes 17 th president after Lincoln dies Wanted to continue Lincoln’s plan for rebuilding the nationWanted to continue Lincoln’s plan for rebuilding the nation Southerner, was seen as too easy on the SouthSoutherner, was seen as too easy on the South President Johnson was the first President Impeached (brought up on charges for high crimes and misdemeanors)President Johnson was the first President Impeached (brought up on charges for high crimes and misdemeanors) One vote shy of being kicked out of officeOne vote shy of being kicked out of office

9. Radical Republicans Wanted to punish the South for the war, wanted the Southern states to really change before they came back into the union.Wanted to punish the South for the war, wanted the Southern states to really change before they came back into the union. After the war Southern states instituted “Black Codes” laws to control the freed African Americans almost exactly like slave codesAfter the war Southern states instituted “Black Codes” laws to control the freed African Americans almost exactly like slave codes The Radical Reps believed that African Americans should have all citizenship rights and shouldn’t have black codes placed on them.The Radical Reps believed that African Americans should have all citizenship rights and shouldn’t have black codes placed on them.

10. 14 th Amendment All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

12. 14 th Amendment Adopted on July 9, 1868.Adopted on July 9, 1868. If the 14 th Amendment was the law, that anyone born or naturalized as a citizen has all the rights and privileges of a citizen, then why do we need the 15 th Amendment (1870), 19 th (1920), Native Americans were not counted as citizens until 1924.If the 14 th Amendment was the law, that anyone born or naturalized as a citizen has all the rights and privileges of a citizen, then why do we need the 15 th Amendment (1870), 19 th (1920), Native Americans were not counted as citizens until 1924.

13. 14 th Amendment Barriers Southerners hated the 14 th Amendment because it proclaimed equality of white and black.Southerners hated the 14 th Amendment because it proclaimed equality of white and black. It excluded ALL women at the time.It excluded ALL women at the time. The Southerners fought back against this amendment by:The Southerners fought back against this amendment by: –Instituting “Jim Crow” laws- laws that legalized segregation of the races. –White people still ran the courts, justice in the South was not just.

14. 15 th Amendment The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Applied only to African American males.Applied only to African American males. Adopted February 3, 1870.Adopted February 3, 1870.

16. 15 th Amendment Barriers For a brief time during reconstruction African American Males were allowed to vote in the South.For a brief time during reconstruction African American Males were allowed to vote in the South. Southerners found ways to deny Black men the right to vote.Southerners found ways to deny Black men the right to vote. Literacy Tests- African Americans had to prove they could read a hard part of the constitution in order to vote.Literacy Tests- African Americans had to prove they could read a hard part of the constitution in order to vote. Poll Taxes- Tax African Americans had to pay to vote.Poll Taxes- Tax African Americans had to pay to vote. The Grandfather Clause- The only the people who could vote were people who’s grandfathers had the right to vote before the Civil War.The Grandfather Clause- The only the people who could vote were people who’s grandfathers had the right to vote before the Civil War. The intent and effect of such rules was to prevent poor and illiterate African American former slaves and their descendants from votingThe intent and effect of such rules was to prevent poor and illiterate African American former slaves and their descendants from voting

17. Radical Republicans During the early part of reconstruction African Americans voted, were elected to office (including the Senate-Hiram Revels) and had some power.During the early part of reconstruction African Americans voted, were elected to office (including the Senate-Hiram Revels) and had some power. 1868 U.S. Grant elected President 1868 U.S. Grant elected President

18. Vocabulary Carpetbaggers- Northerners who went South to make money. Carried belongings in a bag made from old carpet.Carpetbaggers- Northerners who went South to make money. Carried belongings in a bag made from old carpet. Scalawag- nickname given to these Southerners means “mean fellow”Scalawag- nickname given to these Southerners means “mean fellow” Ku Klux Klan- Group started to terrorize free blacks in the South in 1866, founded by Nathan Bedford ForrestKu Klux Klan- Group started to terrorize free blacks in the South in 1866, founded by Nathan Bedford Forrest Civil Rights act 1875- laws that were supposed to guarantee African American equal rights in public places, people ignored it. Ruled unconstitutional in 1883Civil Rights act 1875- laws that were supposed to guarantee African American equal rights in public places, people ignored it. Ruled unconstitutional in 1883

20. Vocabulary Democrats in the South were called “Redeemers.” These politicians instituted:Democrats in the South were called “Redeemers.” These politicians instituted: Poll Taxes- Tax African Americans had to pay to vote.Poll Taxes- Tax African Americans had to pay to vote. Literacy Tests- African Americans had to prove they could read a hard part of the constitution in order to vote.Literacy Tests- African Americans had to prove they could read a hard part of the constitution in order to vote. Segregation- The forced separation of whites and blacks in public places.Segregation- The forced separation of whites and blacks in public places.

21. Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 Supreme Court ruling that segregation was legal as long as “separate but equal” facilities were provided. Landmark case1896 Supreme Court ruling that segregation was legal as long as “separate but equal” facilities were provided. Landmark case

22. Sharecropping System of farming practiced where both blacks and whites on a farm share the crops. Landowner would supply the land and tools while the sharecropper provided the labor and purchased their supplies. When the crop was sold it would be split between the two but not always equally. Landowners kept the power over the former slaves by keeping them in debt and not letting them leave.System of farming practiced where both blacks and whites on a farm share the crops. Landowner would supply the land and tools while the sharecropper provided the labor and purchased their supplies. When the crop was sold it would be split between the two but not always equally. Landowners kept the power over the former slaves by keeping them in debt and not letting them leave.

24. End of Reconstruction The election of 1876 pitted Rutherford B. Hayes against Samuel Tilden. It was virtually a tie and the electoral college was deadlocked.The election of 1876 pitted Rutherford B. Hayes against Samuel Tilden. It was virtually a tie and the electoral college was deadlocked. Hayes made a back room deal that he would end reconstruction if he was given the presidency.Hayes made a back room deal that he would end reconstruction if he was given the presidency. Hayes was declared the winner and reconstruction ended.Hayes was declared the winner and reconstruction ended.