1. US 2 CHAPTER 17 THE PROGRESSIVE ERA (1890-1920) SECTION 3 THE STRUGGLE AGAINST DISCRIMINATION

2. PROGRESSIVE CONTRADICTIONS PAGE 564-565 1.What was “ Americanization ”? 2.Why were some Progressives alarmed by immigrants consuming alcohol? 3.In what ways did some use false scientific theories to justify their actions? 4.What did the Plessey v Ferguson(1896) court case decide?

3. RESPONDING TO DISCRIMINATION Refer to page 565 Read Comparing Viewpoints and answer the 2 “Compare” questions?

4. REDUCING PREJUDICE PAGE 566-568 Jews What was the purpose of the Anti- Defamation League? Mexican Americans What are mutualista’s? Native Americans What did the Dawes Act of 1887 do? Asian Americans In what ways were Asian Americans discriminated against in terms of owning land?

5. AFRICAN AMERICANS DEMAND REFORM Booker T. Washington : urged blacks to be patient and move slowly toward racial equality ( Gradualism ) WEB DuBois : Educated at Harvard, DuBois demanded equality immediately and wanted Congress to pass a Constitutional Amendment to that point (Led by 10%) Niagara Movement : Group of intellectual African Americans who rejected Washington’s view of gradual equality In 1909 the NAACP was founded to push for social reforms in the best interest of African Americans

6. SOCIAL EQUALITY VS. LEGAL EQUALITY Which way will the scale tip?

7. SOCIAL REALITY. After Reconstruction, there were several ways that Southern states kept Blacks from voting and segregated, or separating people by the color of their skin in public facilities. Jim Crow laws, laws at the local and state level which segregated whites from blacks and kept African Americans as 2nd class citizens and from voting.  poll taxes  literacy tests  grandfather clause

8. Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896 Supreme Court legalized segregation throughout the nation. Plessy was only 1/8 black, but still forced to sit in a segregated train car “Separate but Equal” as long as public facilities were equal“Separate but Equal” as long as public facilities were equal Problem: Black facilities never equal to White facilitiesProblem: Black facilities never equal to White facilities

10. Booker T. Washington How do Black Americans overcome segregation? Southern Perspective Former slave Wrote Up From Slavery Don’t confront segregation head on Before you are considered equal in society-- must be self sufficient like most Americans Stressed vocational education for Black Americans Gradualism and economic self-sufficiency Founder of Tuskegee Institute

11. Speech given by Booker T. Washington in Atlanta, Sept. 18, 1895, at the Atlanta World Exposition.  a willingness on the part of Washington to accept social inequality in return for economic equality and security for the southern blacks.

13. W.E.B. Dubois How do Black Americans overcome segregation? Northern Perspective Fought for immediate Black equality in society Talented 10%: Demanded the top 10% of the talented Black population be placed into the “power positions” NAACPFounder of NAACP  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

15. Begins in 1906 in a meeting at Niagara Falls, Canada in opposition to Booker T. Washington’s philosophy of accepting segregation. 1.Encourage Black pride 2.demand for full political and civil equality 3.No acceptance of segregation----opposed Booker T. Washington’s “gradualism”. 4.Gain acceptance of white reformers. 5.Formation of the NAACP in 1906 with Dubois as the editor of the NAACP’s journal, The Crisis 6.Other Black groups formed to support Dubois, National Urban League in 1911

16. A Red Record (1895) Provided statistics on the lynching of African-Americans. NAACP joined the fight for Federal anti-lynching legislation. Author: Ida B. Wells

17. Improving Conditions for African Americans Lynching – Ida Wells – The Red Record.

18. SOUTH’S BACKLASH1 0 to 20 20 to 60 60 to 100 100 to 200 200 or more Lynchings of Whites/Blacks