1. Router Components & Configuration

2. Router Components & Configurations Topics Physical components Memory components Configuration modes Keystroke shortcuts Configuring router name, passwords and interfaces Router boot sequence Managing the router IOS and configuration

3. Router Components Ports Interfaces Memory

4. Router Ports Console port – Where you connect from your computer to directly configure the router or switch. Use rollover cable & DB9 connector Aux port – for modem access

5. PCs require an RJ-45 to DB-9 or RJ-45 to DB-25 adapter COM port settings are 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control This provides out-of-band console access AUX switch port may be used for modem-connected console Setting up a Console Connection Device with console

6. Router Interfaces Ethernet –Ethernet is 10 mbps –Fast Ethernet is 100 mbps (unless auto senses 10 mbps) Serial – Speed determined by clocking across link – Uses various cables and connectors.

7. Router Memory Components RAM Config register ROM Flash NVRAM

8. Random Access Memory (RAM) Stores operating system during operation Stores running configuration Buffers for packets Routing table Other tables as needed

9. Non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) Stores startup configuration Battery backed-up

10. Flash Holds IOS permanently On switches also holds VLAN database Can be used as a file system

11. Read-Only Memory (ROM) POST Bootstrap Baby IOS ROMMON (ROM monitor)

12. Router Power on and Bootup Sequence Power on self test (POST) Load and run bootstrap code Find the IOS software Load the IOS software Find the configuration Load the configuration Run

13. Finding the IOS Flash show version show startup-config IOS Order of search: 1. Check configuration register 2. Parse config in NVRAM 3. Default to first file in Flash 4. Attempt net boot 5. RXBOOT 6. ROMMON Console Config register NVRAM

14. Determining the Current Configuration Register Value wg_ro_a#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye Image text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin" --More-- Configuration register is 0x2102 Configuration register value in show version

15. Configuration Register Values Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option Router#configure terminal Router(config)#config-register 0x2102 [Ctrl-Z] Router#reload

16. Configuration Register Values Router#configure terminal Router(config)#config-register 0x2102 [Ctrl-Z] Router#reload Configuration Register Boot Field Value 0x0 Meaning Use ROM monitor mode (Manually boot using the b command) Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option

17. Configuration Register Values Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option Configuration Register Boot Field Value 0x0 0x1 Meaning Use ROM monitor mode (Manually boot using the b command) Automatically boot from ROM (Provides IOS subset) Router#configure terminal Router(config)#config-register 0x2102 [Ctrl-Z] Router#reload

18. Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option Check configuration register value with show version Configuration Register Values Configuration Register Boot Field Value 0x0 0x2 to 0xF 0x1 Meaning Use ROM monitor mode (Manually boot using the b command) Examine NVRAM for boot system commands (0x2 default if router has Flash) Automatically boot from ROM (Provides IOS subset) Router#configure terminal Router(config)#config-register 0x2102 [Ctrl-Z] Router#reload

19. Loading the IOS from Flash Flash IOS show flash Flash file is decompressed into RAM Console RAM

20. show flash Command wg_ro_a#sh flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin [10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) wg_ro_a#sh flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin [10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

21. Loading the Configuration Console IOS Setup utility show startup-config show running-config Load and execute config from NVRAM If no config in NVRAM, enter setup mode Config RAMNVRAM

22. show running and show startup Commands wg_ro_c#show startup-config Using 1359 out of 32762 bytes ! version 12.0 ! -- More -- wg_ro_c#show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration: ! version 12.0 ! -- More -- In NVRAM In RAM Display current and saved configuration

23. Sources of Configurations Config RAMNVRAM copy running startup copy startup running (merge)

24. Sources of Configurations Config RAMNVRAM Terminal copy running startup copy startup running (merge) config term (merge)

25. Sources of Configurations Config Console RAMNVRAM Terminal TFTP server copy running startup copy startup running (merge) TFTP server copy start tftp copy tftp start copy run tftp copy tftp run (merge) config term (merge)

26. Sources of Configurations Config Console RAMNVRAM Terminal TFTP server Erase Start copy running startup copy startup running (merge) TFTP server Blank 000000 erase start config term (merge) copy tftp run (merge) copy tftp start copy start tftp copy run tftp

27. copy run tftp and copy tftp run Commands wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg.!! 1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Source filename []? wgroa.cfg Destination filename [running-config]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/wgroa.cfg... Loading wgroa.cfg from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK - 1684/3072 bytes] 1684 bytes copied in 17.692 secs (99 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg.!! 1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Source filename []? wgroa.cfg Destination filename [running-config]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/wgroa.cfg... Loading wgroa.cfg from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK - 1684/3072 bytes] 1684 bytes copied in 17.692 secs (99 bytes/sec)

28. Cisco IOS File Systems and Devices RAM NVRAM TFTP server Flash flash: system:nvram: tftp:

29. Managing IOS Images Network server FLASH Router c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Network server

30. Preparing for a Network Backup Image Check access to the server Router Network server

31. Preparing for a Network Backup Image Check access to the server Check space available on the server Router Network server

32. Preparing for a Network Backup Image Check access to the server Check space available on the server Check file naming convention Router c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Network server

33. Preparing for a Network Backup Image Router c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Network server Check access to the server Check space available on the server Check file naming convention Create file on server if required

34. wg_ro_a#show flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin [10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Verifying Memory and Deciphering Image Filenames Verify Flash memory has room for the IOS image

35. wg_ro_a#copy flash tftp Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 10084696 bytes copied in 709.228 secs (14223 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a# Creating a Software Image Backup Back up current files prior to updating Flash Network server FLASH copy flash tftp

36. wg_ro_a#copy tftp flash Address or name of remote host [10.1.1.1]? Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/c2500-js-l_120-3.bin... Erase flash: before copying? [confirm] Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm] Erasing device... eeeee (output omitted)...erased Erase of flash: complete Loading c2500-js-l_120-3.bin from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (output omitted) [OK - 10084696/20168704 bytes] Verifying checksum... OK (0x9AA0) 10084696 bytes copied in 309.108 secs (32636 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a# Upgrading the Image from the Net Erase Flash occurs before loading new image Note message that image already exists Network server FLASH

37. Cisco IOS User Interface Overview The CLI is used to enter commands. Operations vary between routers and switches, but both use the same CLI. Users may type or paste entries within the console configuration modes. Configuration modes have distinctive prompts. Two primary EXEC modes are user mode and privileged mode. Changes are not saved automatically.

38. Overview of Cisco IOS Configuration Modes

39. Help Facilities of the Cisco IOS CLI

40. Commands Review Discussion  What does the command accomplish?  From what configuration mode is the command executed? no shutdown show start show run

41. Lab Lab file Basic Cisco Device Configuration Lab.doc Lab scenario Basic Cisco device configuration scenario.pkt