1. 20111845 YoungKwang Nam 20111882 YeonChan Lim (Presenter) 20121793 AhYoung Kim 20121832 HyungHun An

2. - 2 -

3. Literature review Experiment Make a design system Application by the system SearchAnalyze Plan Experiment using specimen Build a database Analyze Choose which one to make Make prototype and test Compare with estimated data Confirm mathematics equation - 3 -

4. Design system Want to make this: … Solutions: A-X%, B-Y%, C-Z% … - 4 -

5. Literature review Experiment Make a design system Application by the system SearchAnalyze Plan Experiment using specimen Build a database Analyze Choose which one to make Make prototype & test Compare with expectation & evaluate Confirm mathematics equation PAUSE - 5 -

6. Search Search paper, journals, citations and others to get data of SMP Analyze Through the data, find the material properties of SMP Arrange data which are necessary for the experiment Think about the experiment plan - 6 -

7. Plan Experiment using specimen Analyze Set a plan through data Design a specimen for experiment to get great efficiency Do experiment and calibration Compare the expectation to result With data, get analysis of the experiment Base of the system - 7 -

8. Choose which one to make Make prototype and test Compare with estimated data Choose application target Do research about application Set a plan for application test By the data form the design system, design prototype Test the prototype By testing, compare results to expectation Make a real application - 8 -

9. Automobile bumper Cheap (compare with aircraft) Easy to simulate Many data to quantitative evaluation - 9 -

10. Polyurethane Polycarbonate Polypropylene EPP(expanded polypropylene) GMT (glass mat thermoplastic) GMT-PP(glass-fiber-mat-reinforced polypropylene) LGT-PP (long-glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene) FRT (fiber-reinforced thermoplastic) Bumper material - 10 -

11. Mechanical propertyValueUnitMethodCondition Nominal strain at breakMin. 50.0%ISO 527-1/250mm/min Tensile modulus1800.0MPaISO 527-1/21mm/min Hardness of Ball Indetation85.0MPaISO 2039-1 Tensile creep modulus1200.0MPaISO 899-11000hr Tensile creep modulus1500.0MPaISO 899-11hr Flexural modulus1700.0MPaISO 1782mm/min Flexural strength at break54.0MPaISO 178at 3.5 % strain, 2mm/min Flexural strength at break63.0MPaISO 1782mm/min Elongation at yield4.0%ISO 527-1/250mm/min Tensile strength at yield40.0MPaISO 527-1/250mm/min Tensile strength at break35.0MPaISO 527-1/250mm/min Density1.2 g/ ㎤ ISO 1183-1 http://www.matcenter.org, http://www.cmib.org:8080/cmib/info.jsp?lang=ko&did=24517 Makroblend S 7916 (Makroblend®) Using in bumper fascias - 11 -

12. Material Young’s Modulus - E - (10 9 N/m 2, GPa) Ultimate (Tensile) Strength - S u - (10 6 N/m 2, MPa) Density ( g/cm³) Melting Temperature( °C) Aluminum alloy 707802.7660 Steel, stainless AISI 302 1808607.91530 Glass (E-Glass)72.31080 2.58846 SMP 75201.2 ~ 0.00148 ~13 1.25190 Polycarbonate2 - 2.455 – 75 1.2147 Makroblend1.835 1.2119 Polypropylene, PP 1.5 – 228 – 360.9150 Polyurethane, PU 1.65451.18 E-G-nu.htm "Composites Design and Manufacture (BEng) – MATS 324 Elastic Properties and Young Modulus for some Materials". The Engineering ToolBox. Retrieved2012-01-06.. Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Mechanical Properties Enhancement by Adhesion Improvemen 2012 Frederick T. Wallenberger; Paul A. Bingham (October 2009). Fiberglass and Glass Technology: Energy-Friendly Compositions and Applications. Springer. pp. 211 Compare material properties - 12 -

13. 자동차 및 자동차부품의 성능과 기준에 관한 규칙 93 조 Safety standard of bumper There is no standard for bumper’s modulus or strengths After collision, just check automobile operation well and safety of pedestrian - 13 -

14. Design goal Young’s modulus 2 GPa Recovery rate 90% Ultimate tensile stress 55 MPa (This is new concept only in Shape memory material So this is arbitrary value) - 14 -

15. Predict Young’s modulus There is two way to predict Young’s modulus of polymer composites 1) Particle reinforced formula 2) Fiber reinforced formula - 15 -

16. 1) Particle reinforced formula Young’s modulus of polymer is closely related to Temperature T ↓ → E ↑, T ↑ → E ↓ So able to set-up the data range using the upper bound at lowest T and the lower bound at highest T Ex) When T=50’C, Vp=0.05, Ec(u)=4.45GPa, Ec(l)=1.052GPa (4.45GPa > E > 1.05GPa) When T=100’C, Vp=0.05, Ec(u)=3.5GPa, Ec(l)=2.11MPa (3.5GPa > E > 2.11GPa) Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering 4 th, E. Callister - 16 -

17. 2) Fiber reinforced formula For fiber diameter much smaller than length, and For fibers randomly and uniformly distributed within three dimensions in space We can use equation, with K = 0.2 Ex) When T= 50’C, and Vf=0.05 then E = 1.865GPa Vf=0.06 then E = 2GPa Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering 4 th, E. Callister When T=100’C, and Vf=0.05 then E = 0.727GPa - 17 -

18. The matrix and reinforcements compound by TSE(twin screw extruder) (maybe SMP resin with glass fiber) Extrude Filament of composites by Filabot Original Make specimen by 3D-printer Do the tensile test and recovery test Compare experiment data with expected data - 18 -

19. Expected data - 19 - Takeru Ohki, Qing-Qing Ni, Mechanical and shape memory behavior of composites with shape memory polymer 2004 Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing E A Pieczyska, M maj, Thermomechanical properties of polyurethane shape polymer-experiment and modeling, 2015, Smart Material and Structure

20. - 20 -