1. At the end of each trial, the correct category was revealed and the subjects recorded the accuracy of their category guess. Persistent Identifiers, Discoverability, and Open Science Fiona MurphyInstitute for Environmental Analytics, University of Reading, Reading, UKfionalm27@gmail.com Kerstin Lehnert Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, NY, USA lehnert@ldeo.columbia.edu Brooks HansonAmerican Geophysical Union, Washington DC, USA BHanson@a gu.org David MellorCenter for Open Science, Virginia, USA david@cos.io Twitter: @EvoMellor Problem Solution I: COPDESS Directory Solution II: Educational Logistical Challenges Adoption, Implementation, and Next Steps The traditional research paper is the only widely accreditable research output. Because of this, researchers face few incentives to make other parts of their research accessible. The data used in publications can often be hard to access. Data collected but never used in a publication are even harder to use. Other parts of the research lifecycle face similar obstacles: if they’re not included in the final publication, they will be lost. Educational For reproducibility and interoperability to be meaningful and well- understood, appropriate standards need to be agreed. Amongst these, Persistent Identifiers (PIDs) could well form a key part. However, in order to do so they need to be understood by the respective research communities. Technical In addition, workflows need to be optimized (and as far as possible automated) for accurate use and, if there are implications for workloads, consideration given to resourcing and training requirements. Suggested Best Practices for Journals Work with funders to incentivize the sharing, publication and re-use of data We need to work with relevant societies, publishers and with individual journal editors to ensure these policies are widely disseminated and, where necessary, that community responses can refine or adapt them to become more suitable for specific disciplines. Training, researchers to cite date and peer review to expect it. Continue to integrate COPDESS Directory with the Open Science Framework The COPDESS directory will help you, as an Earth and Space science researcher, author, or journal, find the right repository for your data, based on data type, discipline, and other relevant repository factors. The Center for Open Science Technology to enable change Training to enact change Incentives to embrace change Follow us on Twitter @OSFramework Fnd us at http://cos.io Funders need to recognize a wide range of research outputs (including data collection, management planning and enrichment, reviews, software, etc) as contributing to the knowledge cannon. The goals of reproducibility and interoperability should be woven into research funding calls. Producers of these outputs should be rewarded accordingly. Altmetrics form part of the assessment framework in a transparent form Encourage researchers to submit a range of outputs for assessment Editors need to know how data can be cited Publishers need to inform authors and editors about data publication, draw up and enact practical policies, and work with partners to ensure robust links between publications and related outputs housed by other platforms. Share best practices for citing data & other materials. COPDESS develops and recommends best practices for journal author instructions around data and identifiers as a resource to the community. Data Policy Statement Data Citation Crossref Funder Registry ORCIDs Data Policy Statement The Journal has endorsed the Statement of Commitment of the Coalition on Publishing Data in the Earth and Space Sciences (COPDESS). All data and software necessary to understand, evaluate, replicate, and build upon the reported research must be made available and accessible at the time of publication as far as possible. Data should, to the extent possible, be stored in appropriate domain repositories that are widely recognized and used by the community, follow leading practices for data curation, and can provide additional data services. Best Practices Include a statement about data availability & link to COPDESS. Editors, reviewers, and staff evaluate data and affirm availability. Additional data policy statements: http://www.copdess.org/datapolicies/ Software availability should be included as part of data availability. The COPDESS Directory of Repositories American Astronomical Society | American Geophysical Unio | American Meteorological Society | Biological &Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (BCO-DMO) | Center for Open Science | CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office (CCHDO) | Community Inventory of EarthCube Resources for Geosciences Interoperability (CINERGI) | Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI) | Continental Scientific Drilling Coordination Office (CSDCO) | COOPEUS | Copernicus Publications | Council of Data Facilities | Dryad | Elsevier | European Geosciences Union | Geochemical Society | Geological Data Center of Scripps Institution of Oceanography | Geological Society of America | Geological Society of London | GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences | ICSU World Data System | Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) | Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance (IEDA) | International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) | John Wiley and Sons | LacCore: National Lacustrine Core Facility | Magnetics Information Consortium (MagIC) | Mineralogical Society of America | Neotoma Paleoecology Database | National Snow and Ice Data Center | Nature Publishing Group | Nordicana D | OpenTopography | Paleobiology Database | Paleonotological Society | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) Program | Science | Springer | UNAVCO Citation StandardsData Transparency Analytical & Code TransparencyResearch Material Transparency Design and Analysis TransparencyPreregistration of Studies Preregistration of Analysis PlansReplication Transparency and Openness Promotion Guidelines Three Levels to Lower Barriers to Adoption Disclosure Requirement Verification