1. UNIT # 3- The Police, Purpose & Organization This Week The police mission in democratic societies The five core operational strategies of today's police departments The three styles of policing and discuss differences in these approaches Power Point Presentation due end of Unit 4 GRADED ASSIGNMENTS THIS WEEK: 1.Weekly Seminar 2.Discussionboard 3.Unit 3 Quiz 4.PowerPoint Project –due at end of unit 4

2. CJ 101 Jack’s horse Reggie CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 2

3. Reggie & 1 st owner, Alyse CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 3

4. Tracy Porter’s Horse Training & Farm, Milton, Wi. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 4

5. Hunting on the Farm 2011 CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 5

6. What will I learn in this unit? The history and nature of the FBI � s UCR/NIBRS Program and explain what it can tell us about crime in the United States today. The history and nature of the National Crime Victimization Survey Program and explain what it can tell us about crime in the United States today. The nature and purpose of law. The various categories or types of law, and explain the purpose of each. What do I have to do to complete this unit? Read Chapters 2 and 4 Contribute to the Discussion Board Attend the Seminar Complete the Quiz. Take A Break You now have learned how to maximize points by completing all of the graded assignments Unit 2 The Crime Picture & Criminal Law

7. Missed Assignments Contact me ASAP when you miss an assignments or a deadline! Remember: total points for class is 1000 and if you miss 100 it will result in a full letter grade drop for your final grade.. don’t miss any points! 773-412-3678 (cell) Gibbons1180 (AOL AIM) JGibbonsJr@Kaplan.eduJGibbonsJr@Kaplan.edu & cc to: CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 7

8. Discussion Questions Must give a 100 word answer adding new / relevant info, not just agreeing! Must reply to at least 1 other student – quality reply (minimum); Maximum points reply to 3-5 students over 3 to 5 days MINIMUM in week & starting early in the week (by Friday) Do research & add APA citation to credit your source (avoid plagiarism) CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALL by Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 8

9. Discussionboard Example Justin, Casey was put forth to trial with several charges against her, not just murder. there was manslaughter, child abuse and four counts of lying to police. She did not get off scott free, she was convicted of the four counts of lying to the police, but no charges in the death of her daughter. The evidence presented regarding her daughters death was too convoluted for the jury to find her guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Please see my post below, or follow this link the how the judge advised the jury before deliberations commenced: Perry, B. (2011, July 4). Retrieved December 26, 2011, from http://www.cfnews13.com/static/articles/images/documents/Casey- Anthony-Jury-Instructions-0704.pdf I would enjoy reading a transcript of what occurred as the jury debated her charges. That would be truly interesting. I am pretty sure that it is never recorded though unfortunately. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALL by Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 9

10. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 10 The Police Mission The purposes of policing in democratic societies is to: 1. Enforce and support the laws 2. Investigate crimes/apprehend offenders 3. Prevent crime 4. Ensure domestic peace and tranquility 5. Provide the community with enforcement–related services

11. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 11 Operational Strategies There are five core operational strategies, each with unique features: 1.Preventive patrol 2.Routine incident response 3.Emergency response 4.Criminal investigation 5.Problem solving Additionally, there is a 6 th ancillary operational strategy: support services.

12. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 12 Preventive Patrol The dominant operational policing strategy is preventive patrol, which places uniformed officers on the street in the midst of the public. Patrol is designed to: 1.Deter crimes 2.Interrupt crimes in progress 3.Position officers for quick response to emergencies 4.Increase the public’s feeling of safety and security

13. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 13 Routine Incident Response Routine incident responses include restoring order, documenting information, or provide another immediate service to the parties involved in routine occurrences such as minor traffic accidents.  This is the second most common police activity.  Having a good response time is strongly linked to citizen satisfaction.

14. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 14 Emergency Response Emergency responses (or critical incidents) occur in response to crimes in progress, serious injuries, natural disasters, and other situations in which human lives may be in jeopardy.

15. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 15 Criminal Investigation Criminal investigations dominate media attention but constitute a relatively small proportion of police work. An investigation involves discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying, and presenting evidence to determine what happened and who is responsible.

16. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 16 Criminal Investigation First responding officers:  Provide assistance to the injured and in capturing suspects.  Secure the crime scene.  Conduct the preliminary investigation. Sometimes, special crime-scene investigators will come in to assist. Follow-up investigations are based on solvability factors.

17. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 17 Problem Solving Problem solving policing requires:  Gathering knowledge of problem causes  Developing solutions in partnership with the community  Responding with a workable plan  Assessing the progress

18. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 18 Support Services Support services are ancillary services such as dispatch, training, personnel, property control, and record-keeping that keep agencies running.

19. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 19 Managing Police Departments Police management refers to the administrative activities of controlling, directing, and coordinating police personnel, resources, and activities in order to:  Prevent crime  Apprehend criminals  Recover stolen property  Perform regulatory and helping services

20. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 20 Police Organization and Structure Line Operations Field activities or supervisory activities directly related to day-to- day police work Staff Operations Include support roles, such as administration Most police organization is structured along lines of authority.

21. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 21 Chain of Command The organizational chart of any police agency shows a hierarchical chain of command.  Represents order of authority  Quasi-military structure  Span of control—the number of personnel or unites supervised by a particular commander.

22. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 22 Policing Styles History helps shape policing styles, how agencies see their purpose, and choose to fulfill it. There are three basic policing styles: 1.Watchman 2.Legalistic 3.Service

23. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 23 The Watchman Style of Policing The watchman style of policing are typically in lower- or lower-middle class areas that have a lot of crime. This style is marked by:  Order maintenance  Controlling illegal and disruptive behavior  Considerable use of discretion

24. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 24 The Legalistic Style of Policing Legalistic style police departments are committed to enforcing the letter of the law and take a “laissez faire” stance on behaviors that are simply bothersome.

25. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 25 The Service Style of Policing Service style police departments strive to meet community needs. They are:  Concerned with helping rather than strictly enforcing the laws.  More likely to supplement law enforcement activities with community resources.  Popular today.

26. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 26 Police-Community Relations (PCR) The Police-Community Relations (PCR) movement began in the 1960s and 1970s. This movement recognizes the need for the police and the community to work together. Consistent with this movement are:  Store-front auxiliary police offices  Neighborhood watch  Drug awareness programs  Project ID

27. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 27 Team Policing Team policing is an extension of the PCR movement. With team policing, conventional patrol strategies are reorganized and police teams are assigned to fixed districts.  Police become more familiar with the people of their districts and their problems and concerns.

28. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 28 Community Policing Consistent with service policing, community policing emphasizes the idea that police must partner with the community to help fulfill the community needs. Police actively work with citizens and with social services to help solve problems.

29. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 29 Community Policing Community policing involves at least one of four elements: 1.Community-based crime prevention 2.Reorientation of patrol activities to emphasize nonemergency services 3.Increased police accountability to the public 4.A decentralization of command, including greater use of civilians at all levels of police decision making

30. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 30 Community Policing as Corporate Strategy Some suggest that police departments operate like corporations, and that community policing is the newest strategy. Other strategies are strategic policing and problem-oriented policing.

31. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 31 Critique of Community Policing Some criticize community policing, citing problems such as:  Too abstract of a concept  Hard-to-measure success  Difficult to conceptualize and quantify “citizen success”  Not readily accepted by all police officers or managers  Difficulty coming to a consensus with regard to what’s considered a “community problem”

32. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 32 Terrorism’s Impact on Policing The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks changed the role of police departments. The core mission has not changed, but all police departments now devote much more resources to preparing for a possible terrorist attack and intelligence gathering.  Local police departments play an especially important role in responding to the challenges of terrorism.

33. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 33 The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Approach The IACP identified five key principles behind an Effective homeland security policy. 1.Proposals must be developed in local context. 2.Prevention is a key part of any strategy. 3.State and local law enforcement can help identify, investigate, and apprehend terrorist suspects. 4.Strategies must be coordinated nationally, not federally. 5.There cannot be a one-size-fits-all approach.

34. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 34 Field Intelligence Groups Field Intelligence Groups (FIGs) represent another FBI counterterrorism effort. FIGS work closely with Joint Terrorism Task Forces to provide information to state and local law enforcement personnel. They help generate intelligence and disseminate information.

35. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 35 Intelligence-Led Policing and Antiterrorism Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP) is a technique involving the use of criminal intelligence to guide policing in the fight against terrorism.  Police should be able to collect and/or analyze intelligence information and form an effective response to credible threat.

36. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 36 Community Policing and Antiterrorism Community policing roles in the intelligence process include: 1.Provide materials to raise community awareness. 2.Organizing community meetings. 3.Ensuring that community members know how to relay information to the police. 4.Encouraging crime prevention, proactive policing, and close police-community connections.

37. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 37 Information Sharing and Antiterrorism Sharing information across jurisdictions is crucial to effective antiterrorism plans and creating a fully integrated criminal justice information system. Such efforts are called boundaryless policing. Examples of information sharing:  Law Enforcement Online (LEO)  NLETS

38. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 38 Discretion and the Individual Officer Even as police agencies adapt to threats posed by terrorism, individual officers still retain a considerable amount of discretion. discretion = choice

39. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 39 Factors that Influence Discretion There are a number of factors that influence police decision making, including:  Officer’s background  Suspect’s characteristics  Department policy  Community interest  Pressure from victim  Disagreement with the law

40. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 40 Professionalism and Ethics Today’s demands for police professionalism require that police officers have specialized knowledge and they adhere to professional standards and police ethics.  Accreditation is a step toward greater professionalism.  Ethics training is integrated into most basic training programs.

41. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 41 Education and Training Modern police education programs involve training in areas like:  Human relations  Firearms  Communications  Legal issues  Patrol  Investigations  Report writing A post-academy field training program (PTO) is a recent development in police training.

42. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 42 Education and Training According to a 1999 Bureau of Justice Report, the median number of classroom training hours required of new officers is:  823 for state police  760 for county  640 for municipal  448 for sheriffs (CPD 1000+ of which 480 Illinois Required)

43. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 43 Formal Education Formal education is not required by all police departments, though for decades it has been recommended by several Commissions and groups. Departments vary with regard to hiring requirements. Some require no college; others require a four-year degree. Most federal agencies require college degrees.

44. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 44 Benefits and Problems Associated with Hiring Educated Police Officers Benefits  Better written reports  Enhanced public communication skills  More effective job performance  Fewer citizen complaints  Greater initiative  Wiser use of discretion  Heightened sensitivity to racial and ethnic issues  Fewer disciplinary problems Problems  More likely to leave police work  More likely to question orders  More likely to request reassignments

45. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 45 Recruitment and Selection Law enforcement agencies use a variety of applicant screening methods, including:  Personal interviews  Basic skills tests  Physical agility tests  Medical exams  Drug tests  Background investigations  Psychological testing

46. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 46 Percentage of Local Police Departments Using Various Recruit-Screening Methods, (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2003)

47. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 47 Ethnic and Gender Diversity in Policing Opportunities for women and minorities in policing are expanding. Although ethnic minorities are now employed in policing in significant numbers, women are still significantly underrepresented, especially in top command positions.

48. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 48 Women as Effective Police Officers Some women have integrated well into the role of police officer. Others feel strain and isolation.  Strain caused by family roles and parenting, underutilization, uncooperative attitudes of male officers.

49. CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 49 Increasing the Number of Minorities and Women in Police Work The Police Foundation recommends: 1.Involving underrepresented groups in departmental affirmative action and long- term planning programs. 2.Encouraging the development of an open promotion system. 3.Periodic audits to make sure that female officers are not being underutilized by ineffective tracking into clerical and support positions.

50. UNIT # 4 The Legal System MIRANDA WARNINGS 1. You have the right to remain silent. 2. Anything you say can be used against you in a court of law. 3. You have the right to talk to a lawyer and to have a lawyer present while you are being questioned. 4. If you want a lawyer before or during questioning but cannot afford to hire a lawyer, one will be appointed to represent you at no cost before any questioning. 5. If you answer questions now without a lawyer here, you still have the right to stop answering questions at any time. Landmark cases and what defines them 1.Fruits of “The Poisonous Tree” doctrine & its impact 2.Emergency searches & exceptions To Be Successful In This Unit Read chapters 7 & 8 Review Chapters 7 & 8 Powerpoints Graded Assignments This Week 1.Sunday Night Seminar @ 9:00 PM ET 2. Complete the minimum 6 slide Power Point Presentation on the 5 core strategies of police core operations, as well as, the 1 ancillary operational strategy (include title slides & reference slide) 3.Discussionboard 4.Unit 4 Multiple Choice Assignment (take 1x, 12hr time limit)