1. Christianity and the 16 th Century The Basics

2. Heresy belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious (especially Christian) doctrine – Arianism (Jesus and God – same or different?) – ONE IOTA!!! – Arius argued with others over the word homoousios (Greek 'homo'=same + 'ousios'=substance). This is the word that was translated into the Latin consubstantialem in the Nicene Creed, translated into English as "one in being." Arius argued for heteroousios ('hetero'=other).

3. Heresy continued Albigensian heresy French heresy 12 th and 13 th centuries in France Believed that the body was evil and the soul was pure. Advocated suicide and disavowed marriage A war between the Albigensians and a group of barons from Germany, Belgium and France defeated and generally ended the group

4. The Catholic Church Critical weapon – excommunication The First Christian church – First Pope – St. Peter – 33 CE

5. The Spanish Inquisition an ecclesiastical tribunal established by Pope Gregory IX circa 1232 for the suppression of heresy. It was active chiefly in northern Italy and southern France, becoming notorious for the use of torture. In 1542 the papal Inquisition was re-established to combat Protestantism, eventually becoming an organ of papal government.

6. Martin Luther 1517 and the 95 Theses posted in Wittenburg Opposed many teachings of the Catholic Church – Salvation only through God/Jesus – Bible is primary instrument of Gods Teaching – The concept of original sin – Indulgenc es

7. John Calvin French theologian The concept of free will and the elect People are predestined to go to heaven or hell Jesus died only for the “elect” Calvin influences the Puritans

8. The Church of England Established in 1534 by Henry VIII of England He closed/confiscated the property of the Catholic Church in England The Monarch becomes the official head of the Church

10. The Puritans Group that wanted to “purify” the church Rid it of its commericalism – Robes – Traditions – Altars – Money – Followers of Calvin

11. Edward VI 12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553 Becomes King at age 10 Regent (Somerset) turns the Church of England into one of protestantism

12. Mary I – “Bloody Mary”

13. Elizabeth I Protestant

14. Scrooby Pilgrims Left England in 1606 Received charter for Virginia in 1620 Mayflower