1. Review Questions for Modern Genetics

2. Match the description with the term or phrase. 1.adenine 2.phosphorus 3.thymine 4.uracil 5.purines 6.pyrimidines 7.phosphodiester bonds 8.deoxyribose 9.ribose 10.5 carbon sugar 11.glucose 12.nucleotides A.In DNA and not RNA B.In RNA and not DNA C.In both DNA and RNA D.In neither DNA nor RNA C C A B C C C A B C D C

3. Match the description with the term or phrase. 1.Poly-A tail 2.TATA box 3.Binding site(s) for transcription factors 4.Binding site for amino acid 5.enhancer 6.activator 7.Binding site for repressor 8.Promoter 9.Found in nucleus 10.Found in cytoplasm A.DNA and not RNA B.RNA and not DNA C.both DNA and RNA D.neither DNA nor RNA B A B A A D A A C B

4. Put the descriptions where they belong Transcription Translation Occurs in the nucleus Produces RNA Produces polypeptide Occurs in the cytoplasm Uses a DNA template Occurs in cytosol of prokaryotes Produces water Uses energy Is followed by RNA processing in eukaryotes RNA polymerase Uses enzymes RNA template Begins with the binding of the promoter

5. Put the terms where they belong Prokaryote Eukaryote 5’ GTP cap nucleus Removes introns Poly-A tail transcription One kind of RNA polymerase Splices exons 3 kinds of RNA polymerase Ribosomes on ER Free ribosomes translation Histone proteins Linear chromosomes Circular chromosome

6. Put the following in order of their use during DNA replication. DNA polymerase Primase (an RNA polymerase) Ligase SSBP’s Helicase 1.Helicase 2.SSBP’s 3.Primase (an RNA polymerase) 4.DNA polymerase 5.Ligase

7. True or False: If the statement is false, replace the underlined word/phrase to make the statement read true. 1.The main enzyme involved in DNA replication is RNA polymerase. 2.To determine the amino acid, look up the three base anticodon on the genetic dictionary 3.Ligase joins DNA fragments of the lagging strand. 4.DNA polymerase lengthens the new strands from 3’ to 5’. 5.The enzyme telomerase shortens the telomeres with each replication. 6.Primers are made of short segments of DNA. 7.Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil are examples of nucleic acids. FALSE – DNA polymerase. FALSE – codon. TRUE FALSE – 5’ to 3’ FALSE – lengthens FALSE – RNA FALSE – nitrogenous bases

8. Which of the following does not belong? Write one or two sentences using the other words that explain how all the other words are related. 1.DNA polymerase, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, ligase, helicase, primase 2.ribosome, tRNA, methionine, initiation, mRNA, stop codon, primer Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase joins amino acids to tRNA during translation, not replication. During replication, helicase unwinds and separates DNA strands, primase creates the RNA primers, DNA polymerase extends the new DNA strands, and ligase joins Okazaki fragments. Primer is needed to begin DNA replication. During translation, mRNA binds between the two subunits of the ribosome, tRNA carries the first amino acid methionine to the ribosome during the initiation phase of translation and the stop codon signals termination of translation.