1. Imperialism Decline of the Ottoman Empire

2. Quote of the Day If it weren't for electricity we'd all be watching television by candlelight." - George Gobel If it weren't for electricity we'd all be watching television by candlelight." - George Gobel

3. Objectives Analyze the decline of the Ottoman Empire Analyze the decline of the Ottoman Empire Describe the Crimean War Describe the Crimean War Explain the division of the Ottoman Empire Explain the division of the Ottoman Empire

4. Essential Question Why were imperialist powers interested in the fall of the Ottoman Empire? Why were imperialist powers interested in the fall of the Ottoman Empire?

5. Ottoman Empire

6. 1400’s - 1917 1400’s - 1917 At its peak controlled lands from Western Africa into the Balkans and east into Persia. At its peak controlled lands from Western Africa into the Balkans and east into Persia. Leader in scientific, mechanical, and administrative achievements. Leader in scientific, mechanical, and administrative achievements. Steadily declined during its last 300 years Steadily declined during its last 300 years

7. Decline of the Ottoman Empire

8. Failure to reform Selim III – Sultan who tried to modernize the empire Selim III – Sultan who tried to modernize the empire Selim III was overthrown and reform was abandoned Selim III was overthrown and reform was abandoned

9. Nationalism Several nationalist groups wanted freedom Several nationalist groups wanted freedom Examples – Greece and Serbia Examples – Greece and Serbia Ottoman weakness became apparent to European powers Ottoman weakness became apparent to European powers

10. European Scavengers

11. Geopolitics interest in or taking of land for its strategic location or products interest in or taking of land for its strategic location or products

12. Attraction Access to the Mediterranean Access to the Mediterranean Russia - Access to the Black Sea Russia - Access to the Black Sea Center of trade Center of trade Discovery of Oil in 1900 Discovery of Oil in 1900

13. Crimean War

14. Every Russian Czar tried to conquer the Crimean peninsula Every Russian Czar tried to conquer the Crimean peninsula 1853 Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire 1853 Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire Russia vs. Ottoman Empire, Great Britain, and France Russia vs. Ottoman Empire, Great Britain, and France

18. The combined forces were able to defeat Russia The combined forces were able to defeat Russia War revealed the weakness of the Ottomans War revealed the weakness of the Ottomans Continued to loose control of its empire – Balkan, and North Africa Continued to loose control of its empire – Balkan, and North Africa

19. Changes in the Middle East

20. Egypt Muhammad Ali – sent by Ottomans to lead Egypt Muhammad Ali – sent by Ottomans to lead Egypt won Egypt’s independence won Egypt’s independence Shifted Egypt’s agriculture to cash crops – cotton Shifted Egypt’s agriculture to cash crops – cotton

21. Ismai’l Suez Canal Suez Canal support from France support from France turned the canal over to Britain turned the canal over to Britain By 1882 Britain controlled Egypt By 1882 Britain controlled Egypt Canal became the “life line” of the British Empire Canal became the “life line” of the British Empire

22. Persia Russian access to Indian Ocean Russian access to Indian Ocean British access to Afghanistan for a buffer British access to Afghanistan for a buffer Oil discovered Oil discovered Sold rights to West Sold rights to West Split into Spears of Influence Split into Spears of Influence Muslim lands falling to the west Muslim lands falling to the west