1. 3. Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809 “The Sage of Monticello” “The Man of the People” Personal Info: 5 biological kids, 5 illegitimate kids (w/slave Sally Hemmings); Founded UVA; 6’2” Did you know? Had a massive fear of public speaking – would mumble Had very bad posture & wore “lower class” clothing TJ wrote 19,000 letters (imagine if he had Twitter!) TJ’s wine bill while president: $10,835 ($147,000 today) Displayed bears in cages on white house lawn…brought back from Lewis & Clark’s Expedition

2. Jefferson puts the Declaration into action…

3. Election of 1800: First Peaceful transfer of power from one rival party (Federalists) to another (Dem-Rep) Jefferson becomes president

5. Simplifying the Presidency What decisions does Jefferson make regarding the military? Reduced the military, halted expansion of the navy Regarding trade? Free trade rather than government-controlled trade and tariffs Regarding government expenditures? Eliminated all internal taxes & reduced the spending of government Regarding finances? Reduced the influence of the Bank of the United States. What is Jefferson's goal as he simplifies the presidency? Jefferson believed that a simple government best suited the needs of a republic. Impact on the Nation/Government: The government became smaller and now was more “southern” since it was moved to Washington D.C.

6. Marbury v. Madison Define it: After Adams left office he had appointed many Federalist judges. James Madison, Jefferson’s Secretary of State, wouldn’t deliver the appointments. William Marbury, who was one of the appointed judges, sued to get his appointment. The Judiciary Act said that the Supreme Court was to order the papers to be delivered. However, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled this act unconstitutional since the Constitution says nothing about the Supreme Court issuing judgeships. How does this change the role of the judicial branch? This created another “check” on the executive branch by the Supreme Court. Why is this such an important case? It established the idea of “judicial review” where the Supreme Court could declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.

7. Louisiana Purchase Define the territory: The Louisiana Purchase included all of the land drained by the western tributaries of the Mississippi River. Who did Jefferson buy it from? For how much? French - $15 million Did Jefferson have the power to buy Louisiana? Why or why not? Yes and No, the Constitution does not give the President power to acquire new territory but it does allow for the President to make treaties. Impact on the Nation/Government: The size of the United States more than doubled.

9. Lewis & Clark Expedition Purpose: Jefferson ordered Lewis & Clark to collect scientific information about unknown plants and animals en route to the Pacific and to learn as much as possible about the Native American tribes encountered along the way. Who helped them? How? Sacajawea, served as an interpreter and guide. Why is this so important? The journey recorded invaluable scientific & land information about the western territories including the new Louisiana Purchase.

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