1. By Sanjay S Pawar Ashutosh Jha Chavi Asrani

2.  Can end user access internet anywhere seamlessly  How easy is it to connect  Are there any common ways of Authentications to each hotspots service providers  What are payment models in this scenario  Can it be a single billing entity using common charging  What to do if one is travelling  Are there alternate technologies which enable internet connectivity any time

3.  By charging the end user  Or providing free/ subsidized access  Advertisement  Sponsorship  Cross subsidizing

4.  Various Scenarios  Authorized user registering in network  Other ISP/Franchise user registering in the network  How do I collect payments  Credit Card  Cash Vouchers  Pay per use  Central Billing Entity:-Monthly Charges  Third party Contract:- Model of Authorization, Authentication and Accounting

5.  Authentication  Security  Coverage  Management  Location Service  Billing  Interoperability

6.  Third Party Authentication  Pre-establised Accounts (Wayport and T – Mobile)  Scratch Cards ( OTP)  Trade off for Authentication  Ease of Access  Mechanism  Startup Latency  User Identity

7.  Two things are achieved  Securing WiFi network from Melicious attacks  Securing endusers data/information  For untrusted Wifi Higher layer securities such as SSN, SSL or VPN can be used  Presently encryption mechanism is used to secure the users credentials with MAC layer approach, Network Layer approach is done

8.  Inter operation between cellular and Hotspot operators  Challenge :- Achieving Roaming relationship and agreements between network operators  Solution-Provides seamless integration of WLAN and GSM GPRS and integrate common AAA  Challenges  Handoff  System Support for Handoff  Billing

12.  ISP Facilating Franchise for offering hot spots  Independent small business entities plan to offer wifi hotspots creating hubs.  The Regulations to Wifi Hot spot Providers  Quality of Service  Responsibility of AAA  Certification for Secure Hot Spot.

13.  Wifi Hotspot Service Providers  Group of small business persons of the area  Panchayat itself acting as a Wifi Hotspot provider  A co-operative group/ society offering the services  Based on Geographical location the AAA functions has to be decides  AAA model has to be modified to the need of the services

14.  Authentication should be onetime  When roaming verification to be done with cluster Wifi Hotspots with interoperability with wifi operators  Revenue Models Pay per use/day/month/applications etc  Entertainment based per/day/month/per user  Awareness and Education programmes be free or sponsored version

15.  Banking operations can be charged per transaction basis  All AAA should be relaxed to promote Wifi access.  Franchise should be free to generate revenue through various ways such as advertisements, apps based etc.  Capex to be beared by Panchayat or subsidised.