1. IEAC133 2016 S1 Online IEAC133 2016 S1 Online Attitudes and Inclusion  Lecture 1 ATTITUDES AND INCLUSION Attitude Formation

2. Twitter: @Marg2511 Email: Margaret.Stelmach@acu.edu.au

3. LEARNING INTENTIONS Origins of Attitudes Attitudes and Culture Media and Attitudes Attitude Formation (Society- Attitudes behaviour prediction) Modelling and experiential No lecture or tutorials Study week- no classes Mindset Views about people with disabilities Anzac Day No lectures or tutorials Views of people with disabilities Tutorial: Guest Speaker Attitudes towards Education and Inclusion Gender, sexuality and disability Indigenous experience & Attitudes and the Workplace Learning Intention Develop knowledge on how attitudes are formed.

8. Maslow's hierarchy of needs, represented as a pyramid with the more basic needs at the bottom Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York, NY: Harper. pp. 91

9. What is an attitude?  An attitude is the value a person assigns to something or someone.

10. Attitude Formation Attitude formation theories help us to understand how a person’s attitude takes shape and why a person might have a particular attitude ….resulting in the notion that attitudes direct behaviour

11. Attitudes Formation  Cognitive ( how we think or reason through an attitude)  Cognitive Dissonance – We change our behaviour or our attitude. (We change our beliefs and attitudes to match our behaviour )  Emotional ( how we think through an attitude)  Behaviour ( how we act on an attitude)  Functionalism – What benefits us

12. Cognitive Dissonance Feeling discomfort leads to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or behaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore balance.  Festinger's (1957) cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we have an inner drive to hold all our attitudes and beliefs in harmony and avoid disharmony (or dissonance).

13. Origins of Attitudes  classical conditioning ( associating behaviours and attitudes as “good” or bad”  operant conditioning: ( being rewarded or punished e,g telling the truth or robbing a bank  Cognitive appraisals : logically arguing in determining your attitude  Observational learning ( learning attitudes through peers or media

14. Origins of Attitudes  Parents  Peers  Media  Experiential

15. Stereotypes  stereotypes are defined as a collection of ideas someone has about another individual or group that influences how they interact with them –  Stereotypes can be both positive and negative

16. Every society has certain qualities and conditions which are regarded as positive What does Australian society aspire to?(objects, people, activities, dreams of the good life, values)

17. Every society also has certain qualities and conditions which are regarded negatively What does Australian society view negatively? (objects, people, activities, fears, values)

18. Every society has certain qualities and conditions which are regarded as positive or negative Some conditions are highly regarded in some cultures and not in others The judgment depends on the particular society Those judgments lead to certain perceptions and assumptions and actions/behaviours towards people

19. People who have characteristics which are not highly regarded become devalued themselves

20. Who are the minority groups often devalued in western societies

21. What marks individuals as devalued?  Settings people are in  Groupings and associations given  Activities and use of time  Appearance  Language to and about people

22. perception of person as having low value acts in accordance with perception of low value believes negative things about self has access to less than others treated in ways that reflect that perception perception of person as having low value Cycle of devaluation

23. Our assumptions and stereotypes influence how we respond to people 1 3 2 4 5 How we respond influences how people see themselve s How people see themselves influences how they act

24. Assumptions  ideas or beliefs that we hold to be true with little or no evidence required assumptions underpin much of our thinking guide many of our actions can be helpful or unhelpful can be true or false there is often a difference between our stated assumptions and our assumptions in action

25. Stereotyping  Assumptions are closely associated with stereotyping  standardized and simplified conceptions  based on prior assumptions  a useful human skill grouping, classifying and making sense of sets of phenomena  problem is the gross, faulty, distorted nature of stereotypes  influences how we treat people a commonly held belief about specific social groups or types of people

26. Assumptions, beliefs, principles  There is a difference often between stated assumptions and assumptions in action  Assumptions can be true or false  Assumptions can be helpful or unhelpful  Assumptions guide our work

27. Assumption Behaviour Outcome

28. SUMMARY  no such thing as a value-free or neutral perception  many things influence our values  we perceive people based on our values  we may routinely deny or repress our judgments  people are perceived by others and valued or devalued according to that perception which is often influenced by stereotypes  people can become devalued because of the perceptions that others build up about them

29. Lectures and Tutorials  IEAC133 Online unit  Tutorials  Hayley Brooks/ Margaret Stelmach  EDAC133  Tutorials  Margaret Stelmach

30. Image bibliography  PPT1 Inclusion: http://www.aldermansgreen.coventry.sch.uk/inclusion/inclusion.htm  PPT 4 meeting: http://www.pokerdivas.com/poker-tables-and-boardroom-tables/http://www.pokerdivas.com/poker-tables-and-boardroom-tables/  PPT 12 Aspirations: http://www.clker.com/cliparts/U/C/b/V/9/p/handsreaching-md.pnghttp://www.clker.com/cliparts/U/C/b/V/9/p/handsreaching-md.png  PPT 13 Don’t like: http://forums.watchuseek.com/attachments/f2/800613d1345797012-apology-all-watchuseek-com-forum-members-readers-don-t-like- button.jpghttp://forums.watchuseek.com/attachments/f2/800613d1345797012-apology-all-watchuseek-com-forum-members-readers-don-t-like- button.jpg  http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=H3ITwdjpmRJMSM&tbnid=BjlR9jkRuDDX7M:&ved=0CAUQj Rw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjvschicago.org%2F2013-employment-trends-disability-diversity-networking-and-a-personal- brand%2F&ei=nFoWU6esI8TVkAXmqoGgBA&bvm=bv.62286460,d.dGI&psig=AFQjCNFtMXfmBO3vnEpKHyLasbzUn_816g&ust=1394060312452924  PPT 18– Woolworths http://www.nakedoffice.com.au/company/woolworths-limited  PPT19 – special school group: http://www.npt.gov.uk/images/pressreleases/543.jpghttp://www.npt.gov.uk/images/pressreleases/543.jpg  PPT19 – Dancers: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-of8E8oNlVWI/UDgpGkvjijI/AAAAAAAAIP0/ElaiV7dPa9E/s400/dancing-wheels-program-inclusion-photo- 5.jpghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-of8E8oNlVWI/UDgpGkvjijI/AAAAAAAAIP0/ElaiV7dPa9E/s400/dancing-wheels-program-inclusion-photo- 5.jpg  PPT 23 Assumptions: http://www.zazzle.com.au/oh_good_work_assumptions_are_so_much_faster_t_tshirt-235269601690946389http://www.zazzle.com.au/oh_good_work_assumptions_are_so_much_faster_t_tshirt-235269601690946389  PPT 24 Stereotypes: http://eatingcurryandrice.wordpress.com/2013/02/09/stereotypes-why/http://eatingcurryandrice.wordpress.com/2013/02/09/stereotypes-why/