1. Small Arms Diversion to Crime Settings and Experiences of Massive Tracing: the case of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Pablo Dreyfus Research Coordinator, Small Arms Control Project, Viva Rio, Brazil Cost Action A25 Final Conference Brussels, 17 March 2008

5. Law enforcement x foreign trade data Foreign trade data x direct field observation Congressional hearings and investigation (tracing) x analysis of law enforcement data Research Findings:

6. Civilian Police DFAE’s Database analyzed and processed by Viva Rio/ISER 216,733 26170 foreign made weapons seized between 1974 and 2004 (August) Revolvers Pistols Shotguns Assault Rifles Sub machineguns Machineguns NISAT foreing trade Small Arms Data Base 1974-2004 930200 Pistols and revolvers 930320 Sporting&Hunting shotguns 930330 Sporting&Hunting Rifles 930100 Military Weapons (mitigated) 930190 Military Firearms

8. Type and Caliber of Foreign Made Seized Weapons

9. Paraguay ► Numerous gun shops are located on the border with Brazil and Argentina. ► Until 2002 tourists could buy small arms and ammunition after presenting a photocopied ID. ► Brazilian made weapons exported to Paraguay were then illicitly re-imported. US, European and Argentine exports were also diverted. ► USA and Brazil decided to restrict exports to Paraguay. Paraguayan authorities decided to reduce imports of small arms for the domestic market.

10. Paraguay imports In 2005 Paraguay imported some 200 000 USD worth of handguns, from Israel, the EU, and Argentina.

17. Testing Hypothesis: US (ATF) answers to tracing requests by Brazilian authorities

25. Seized assault weapons:

26. Testing hypothesis: answers from the National Arms Register of Argentina (2001) to Brazilian authorities 222 BERSA pistols exported to Paraguay ( Perfecta Sami) and Brazil (Rossi de Moraes) in the mid and late 1990s Records in the CPI about diversion from Argentine Security and Armed forces

32. Austrian pistols to Venezuela:

33. Testing hypothesis: Austrian answers to tracing requests by Brazilian authorities

34. Some conclusions:

35. Intra-regional trafficking Intra-regional legal trade Importance of domestic sales control legislation and its efficient enforcement Military and police surplus disposal and stockpile security and management Responsible licensing (new for old clauses) Importance of harmonizing laws and principles at the regional level Importance of enhancing regional cooperation Registering and taking out of circulation “informally held” guns

36. Thank you! Questions: pablo@vivario.org.brpablo@vivario.org.br or nic@prio.no