1. By: Dustin Wylde & Ryan Livingston IB 463 Itchology

2. Protcanthopterygii Esociformes – (2 families, 10 species) muskie, pike, mudminnows Osmeriformes – (13 families, 236 species) smelts Salmoniformes – (1 family, 66 species) trout, salmon, whitefish, graylings Overall characteristics lack spines Cycloid scales (smooth outer edges) Physotomous gas bladder

3. Esociformes Inhabit FW Median fins located relatively far back on body www.outdoors365.com

4. Esociformes cont. Pike Ambush predators Elongate snout with teeth used to impale prey Quick acceleration in a straight line Northern Pike (Esox lucius) Widespread distribution Also predatorial

5. Northern Pike vs. Chain Pickerel Esox lucius www.dkimages.com Esox niger

6. Esociformes cont. Mudminnows Small (less than 20cm) Ability to survive in low O2 enviroments www.duluthstreams.org

7. Osmeriformes Very diverse group (marine, FW, diadromous) Small, silvery, elongate fish that swim H 2 O column Eggs with adhesive membrane www.charterboats-uk.co.uk

8. Barreleyes & Platytroctids Barreleyes Elongate tubular eyes Platytroctids Blue-green luminous liquid in papilla at end of lateral line people.whitman.edu

9. Osmeriformes cont. Lepidogalaxiid – salamanderfish Australia Lacks eye muscles, can turn head 90 degrees Pond dries out: bury in mud

10. Salmoniformes Very important fish, both commercially and ecolgically Adipose fin Three different families Coregonid whitefishes – zooplanktivours Thymallid graylings Salmonid salmons

11. Andromous Oceanic migrations of thousands of kilometers Morphological variation between males and females pond.dnr.cornell.edu

12. Salmon Life-History Born in FW, live in oceans, then return to birth- stream, spawn and die During migration the salmon do not eat Females clear a nest or redd in clean gravel, males will compete to spawn with multiple females Fry will spend several months growing and then migrate to open ocean

13. Coho/Sockeye Salmon Spawning http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RISJUbC7ZJ0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2y1nYwtL4bY&feat ure=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2y1nYwtL4bY&feat ure=related

14. Salmon Fisheries Salmon very important commercial fish, eaten/harvested all over world Problem: sea lice are causing the decline of salmon populations Naturally sea lice occur in low percentages, however becoming more common Fisheries lack genetic diversity (RI)

15. Other Salmon Concerns Dams, barriers, weirs block migration In NA several species have been reduced due to introduction of predators, competitors and parasitic lampreys Getting eaten by Bear Grylls http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kiggvMw8Vgw

16. Review Questions: 1) Describe life-history of an Atlantic Salmon. 2) What species of fish has the largest fresh water distribution? 3) What are some problems facing salmon populations today? 4) Describe the preditorial strategy of a Northern Pike? 5) List two things that are very unusual about the salamanderfish?

17. References Collette, Bruce B., Douglas E. Facey, and Gene S. Helfman. The Diversity of Fishes. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2006. Fuller Becky, and et al. IB 463 Protcanthopterygii slides. 2008. Suarez, Andrew. IB 429 Lecture 15: Habitat Selection. 2008.