1. Industrialization ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What factors encouraged economic growth in the decades after the Civil War?

2. TEKS and Objectives We will… (3B) analyze economic issues such as industrialization, the growth of railroads, the growth of labor unions, and free enterprise. (27A) explain the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations such as electric power, telephone, and steel production on the economic development of the U.S. I will…  Evaluate the importance of new technology of the Gilded Age

3. Gilded Age (1866-1900)  Time between Civil War and WWI  Rapid industrialization  Increase in population  Political corruption  No regulation of business/economy  Wealthy people lived fancy lives  Time between Civil War and WWI  Rapid industrialization  Increase in population  Political corruption  No regulation of business/economy  Wealthy people lived fancy lives

4. Industrialization  The transition of an economy from agriculture to manufacturing  Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1914)  Begun with the development of the Bessemer Process

5. Bessemer Process  Steel-making process  Quick and cheap method of steel-production  Used in buildings and machinery  Steel-making process  Quick and cheap method of steel-production  Used in buildings and machinery

6. Steel Production

7. Other Innovations  Sewing Machine (1846)  Elias Howe  Improved clothing  Passenger Elevator (1852)  Elisha Otis  Faster proficiency to more levels  Typewriter (1867)  Christopher Sholes  Improved writing letters

8. Other Innovations  Telephone (1876)  Alexander Graham Bell  Improved communication  Light Bulb  Thomas Edison  Gave light to homes and factories  Airplane  Orville and Wilbur Wright  Improved transportation  Telephone (1876)  Alexander Graham Bell  Improved communication  Light Bulb  Thomas Edison  Gave light to homes and factories  Airplane  Orville and Wilbur Wright  Improved transportation

9. Journal Question Which invention do you think was most important? Which do you think was the least important? Explain your answers.

10. Factors Promoting Industrialization  Free-Enterprise System:  Economic system in which businesses operate free of government interference  Laissez-Faire  Government does not intervene in business  Hands-off policy

11. Factors Promoting Industrialization  Transcontinental Railroad  Connected East to West  National Market  Shipping goods less expensive  Department stores, chain stores, mail-order (Macy’s, Sears Catalog)  Transcontinental Railroad  Connected East to West  National Market  Shipping goods less expensive  Department stores, chain stores, mail-order (Macy’s, Sears Catalog)