1. Colonial Foundations How and why the colonies were founded

2. Founding the English Colonies ▪ A colony refers to an area under the full or partial political control of another country. The country can be close, or far away, and the colony can be occupied by settlers or not. ▪ The English colonies were located mainly along the Atlantic Coast. This gave the colonies easy access to water sources. ▪ Why is this important? 1) Access to trade routes (via the Atlantic) 2) Water is necessary to grow crops and for survival.  Review– the two primary reasons why the English settlers came to the New World: 1) Desire to find wealth 2) Escape religious persecution

3. NE Characteristics 1)Founded for religious freedom; 2)Soil was very hilly/rocky– made farming difficult; 3)Focused instead on fishing, shipbuilding and trade. Consisted of Massachusetts (which included Maine), Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

4. Puritans vs. Pilgrims– the differences ▪ The Pilgrims were Separatists who wanted to break away (i.e. separate) from the Anglican Church in England. ▪ They landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. ▪ The original destination was the Virginia Colony, but their ship, the Mayflower, had been blown off course. ▪ The Puritans had a different goal. Instead of separating from the church, they wanted to purify it by removing the extreme views they felt had developed. ▪ They believed heavily in the righteousness and sovereignty of God. ▪ They landed in Salem, Massachusetts in 1629. ▪ Their colony became known as the Massachusetts Bay colony, and their leader was a man named John Winthrop.

5. Pilgrims -Came with a group of a few settlers (~100) -Mainly lower class -Uneducated Puritans -Came with a large group of a few settlers (~700) -Middle/upper class -Educated Came for religious freedom Settled in Mass.

6. Middle Characteristics 1)Nicknamed ‘breadbasket colonies’ due to their high grain (wheat, oat, rye) production; 2)Major port cities for trade– New York and Philadelphia; 3)Industries: sawmills, mines and ironworks Consisted of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware

7. Southern Characteristics 1)Population very spread out due to the size of farms; 2)Warm climate and long growing season; 3)Cash crops: Tobacco- Big in MD, VA, and NC Tar, pitch, turpentine- NC Rice, indigo- SC, GA Consisted of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia

8. Name of ColonyYear Founded Founder(s)Type of government Main Religion(s) Reason Founded Massachusetts -Plymouth -Mass. Bay -1620 -1629 -Pilgrims (William Bradford) -Puritans (John Winthrop) - Royal– under charter PuritanReligious freedom! Rhode Island1636Roger WilliamsCharterPuritanReligious and political freedom Connecticut1636Thomas HookerCharterPuritanReligious and political freedom New Hampshire1638Settlers from MassachusettsRoyalPuritanEconomic opportunities New England Colonies

9. Name of ColonyYear Founded Founder(s)Type of government Main Religion(s)Reason Founded New York1626Dutch settlersRoyalQuakers, Catholics, Lutherans and Jews Religious freedom and economic opportunity Delaware1638Swedish settlersProprietaryQuakers, Catholics, Lutherans and Jews Economic opportunities New Jersey1636John Berkeley and George Carteret RoyalQuakers, Catholics, Lutherans and Jews Religious freedom and economic opportunity Pennsylvania1682William PennProprietaryQuakers** Catholics, Lutherans and Jews Religious and political freedom Middle Colonies

10. Name of ColonyYear Founded Founder(s)Type of government Main Religion(s)Reason Founded Virginia1607John SmithRoyalAnglican and BaptistEconomic opportunities Maryland1638George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) ProprietaryCatholics** Anglicans and Baptists Religious and political freedom The Carolinas -NC -SC -1653 -1663 8 Lord’s proprietorsRoyalAnglican and Baptist Economic opportunities Georgia1732James OglethorpeRoyalAnglican and Baptist-Economic opportunity for debtors -Buffer zone from Spanish Florida Southern Colonies

11. Colonial Bumper Sticker and License Plate Mini-Project ▪ In your pair/group, you will create a set of 3 bumper stickers/license plates to reflect your understanding of the colony you are assigned. You must create at least one of each– 1 license plate and 1 bumper sticker, and the 3 rd is your choice. ▪ Guidelines: ▪ Must resemble a license plate/bumper sticker ▪ Must reflect some aspect(s) of your colony– geography, social characteristics, religious characteristics, etc. ▪ Be creative– both in your design and your message!