1. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Session 5: Development, NetMundial and the Future of the Internet ANG Peng Hwa Nanyang Technological University tphang@ntu.edu.sg Internet Governance Organized by UN Asian and Pacific Training Centre for Information and Communication Technology for Development (UN-APCICT)

2. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Agenda Learning Objectives: This session shows how one of the goals of Internet governance, development can be met but also how Internet governance has still some ways to go. Learning Outcomes: Participants should have a sense of possibility and limits of ICT4D and also of some of the latest developments in Internet governance.

3. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Agenda  What is ICT4D  Applications of ICT4D  NetMundial—the Brazil-led meeting to address some shortcomings of the IGF

4. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders What is ICT4D (ICT for Development) Development should encompass:  Governance and Empowerment  Infrastructure  Economic development  Social development  WSIS helped establish the Digital Solidarity Fund  Based in Switzerland  Only $3M in fund

5. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Summary  Development was one of the motivations for WSIS, which led to the formation of WGIG.  But it is the most neglected part of the WGIG Final Report.  There is much that national governments can and should do to use ICT4D.

6. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders 8 Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) 1.Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2.Achieve universal primary education 3.Promote gender equality and empower women 4.Reduce child mortality 5.Improve maternal health 6.Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases 7.Ensure environmental sustainability 8.Develop a Global Partnership for Development Deadline: 2015 Replaced by Sustainable Development Goals

7. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Applications of ICT4D  Agriculture  Government services  Emergency response  Education  Distance learning  Health  Telemedicine  Business  Tourism  E-Commerce  Employment

8. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Some Ways to Close the Digital Divide  Cheaper hardware  Low cost computers  Cheaper software  FOSS  Telecentres  Use more women in IT, development

9. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Need for Research: Telecentres  1st phase success rate: 3%  Telecentres were set up to empower marginalised, women, poorest of poor  2nd phase success rate: 30%  Incorporating lessons from 1st phase  3rd phase success rate:?  Experience suggests CD-burning, digital photos, could be essential services Need research to ensure success

10. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Promoting Online Content  Lower cost of access  ccTLD policies  Eg reduce costs of registering a domain name  Domain dispute resolution mechanism  UDRP (uniform domain-name dispute resolution policy)

11. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders E-Government 1.Computerisation of government  Increases efficiency of government  Increases IT economy of technicians, software programmers  Makes IT career possible 2.Computerisation of government services  Increases efficiency of government  Putting government tenders online saves money 3.Consultation of citizens for policies 4.E-engagement where ideas are floated to government

12. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Applications of E-Government  Central bank  Immigration, for visa applications  Taxes  Land titles  Driving licences  Application forms

13. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders E-Government: Benefits  Increases efficiency of government  Reduces corruption  Increases transparency of administration  Makes it possible for more control by central government

14. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Exercise: E-Government  Give some examples of e-government services in your country.  Is there a national plan for e-government?  What are some obstacles you have faced or are facing in rolling out e-government services?

15. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Summing Up Internet Governance

16. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Benefits of the IGF  Raised awareness of Internet Governance issues  Better understanding of process in Internet Governance  Opportunity to discuss significant issues  Allows smaller countries to raise issues

17. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Criticisms of the IGF  It is only a talkshop  The mandate allows it to make recommendations but the IGF has not been daring enough to do so  Development, one of the motivations for starting the WSIS process, is on the back-bur ner  Digital Solidarity Fund is small  “Political” issues being addressed first  Capacity-building for Internet governance is still a major issue

18. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Outstanding Issues: ICANN 1.Will ICANN Be Internationalised?  Perhaps like the International Olympic Committee  Is internationalisation important?  Issue is more stark because of distrust of USG, in the light of the Snowden revelations Latest: IANA Function Stewardship Transition  Moving one function of ICANN—keeping lists of unique numbers—to outside of ICANN

19. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Outstanding Issues: IGF  Only a talkshop, not willing to even make recommendations although allowed by mandate  Hence NetMundial, a one-off meeting organised by Brazil in April 2014  Wanted to discuss US surveillance of the Internet  NetMundial drew up the Internet governance process principles http://netmundial.br/wp-co ntent/uploads/2014/04/NETmundial-Multistak eholder-Document.pdfhttp://netmundial.br/wp-co ntent/uploads/2014/04/NETmundial-Multistak eholder-Document.pdf

20. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Outstanding Issues: The Role of ITU ITU is still keen to be involved in Internet governance  Organised World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT) in Dubai 2012  WCIT was widely interpreted as an attempt by ITU to play a more dominant role in Internet governance  Cybersecurity  ITU is attempting to be more involved in Internet governance through cybersecurity

21. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Exercise: Internationalising Internet Governance  On a scale of 1-10 scale, how satisfied are you with the current Internet Governance arrangements?  To what extent should Iran participate in the debate at the international level?

22. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Conclusion  There is an increased awareness about the significance of Internet Governance  Governments have to be aware of the issues and participate in the international debate  Many of the issues in Internet Governance are local and national governments have a key role to play to resolve these issues