1. World History SGO Post Test Review Prehistoric People to Ancient Rome

2. 1.What are the main differences between Paleolithic and Neolithic people?  How they obtained their food 2. What is prehistory?  The time in human history before writing occurred.

3. 3. What made it possible for Neolithic people to settle in one place and develop villages?  Food production (farming/ agriculture). 4. Mesopotamia was once located in which present day country?  Iraq

4. 5. How did the Sumerians (Mesopotamia) change their physical environment?  controlling floods on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (Irrigation). 6. Who is Hammurabi and what is he known for?  A Babylonian king who created a strict, written code of laws (Hammurabi’s Code).

5. 7. List the contributions of Mesopotamia: 1.Wheel 2.Plow 3.Sailboat 4.Writing 8. How did Egyptians benefit from the Nile River?  Besides providing water for drinking, cooking, bathing, and farming, it also… 1. It’s yearly predictable flooding left rich soil on the river banks for farming. 2. Irrigation systems to help farm the land during dry seasons. 3. Cataracts, waterfalls or rapids in the river, made it hard for invaders to travel up the Nile and kept Egypt isolated.

6. 9. What were Egyptian pharaohs responsible for? 1. Building granaries to store food for the people so they wouldn’t starve during hard times. 2. Repairing irrigation systems so the crops wouldn’t dry out. 3. Performing important religious rituals. 10. Why did ancient Egyptians build the pyramids?  To honor the pharaohs of the Old Kingdom.

7. 11. Math and Medicine are ancient Egypt’s biggest contributions to the world. 12. How did the ancient Egyptians prepare bodies for the afterlife and why?  Bodies were embalmed because the soul needed a body in the afterlife.

8. 13. What do Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt have in common? 1. They worshiped many gods (polytheism). 2. Relied on the river for irrigation to grow crops. 3. Expanded their territory by conquering new lands during their history. 14. The oldest river in ancient India developed along the Indus River.

9. 15. The ancient cities of Harappa and Mohenjo- Daro are unique because:  The streets were laid out in a grid pattern. 16. What are oracle bones and why did the Chinese use them?  The Chinese use oracle bones to ask advice from their ancestors. Kings turned to their ancestors for answers to great questions in life. They would scratch these questions on oracle bones and heat them over a fire. They believed the pattern of cracks in the bones were the answers to their questions from the gods and ancestors.

10. 17. What weakened the Shang civilization?  The great difference between the wealthy and poor people. 18. Why is the Huang He River nicknamed “China’s Sorrow?  The Huang He River, or the Yellow River, is nicknamed for its yellow soil. Although the flooding Huang He river has provided China with rich soil for farming, it has also taken millions of lives which is why the river was nicknamed China’s Sorrow.

11. 19. Confucianism and Daoism are Chinese philosophies that want to improve society. 20. Who said the golden rule: “Do unto others as you would want them to do unto you?”  Confucius

12. 21. What was the main idea in the Greek city state Sparta?  Military strength 22. Who did the Olympic Games honor?  The Olympics were held to honor the god of all gods, Zeus.

13. 23. What happened to weak Spartan babies?  They were left on a hillside to die. 24. Sparta’s government and army was run by what type of government?  An oligarchy- a small group of wealthy people with control of the government. They were a very strict society.

14. 25. Pericles was a Greek leader who made Athens a great city state. 26. Thebes was the last city state to take over Greece.

15. 27. The Patricians were wealthy families who held government office in ancient Rome. 28. Carthage and Rome fought each other during the Punic Wars.

16. 29. Land and Resources were the main causes of the Punic Wars. 30. The Pax Romana was a period of Peace in ancient Rome.

17. 31. Who is Caesar Augustus and what is he best known for?  Maintaining peace during his reign (Pax Romana). 32. What event caused the collapse of Rome?  Invaders such as Germanic tribes.

18. 33. What is the Praetorian Guard?  They protected the Emperor. 34. What is so important about the twelve tables?  It supported the idea that all Roman citizens had the right to be treated equally.

19. 35. How did Julius Caesar become a dictator?  He refused to turn over his army to Rome’s Senate. 36. How did Julius Caesar use reforms to help Greeks, Spaniards, and Gauls living in ancient Rome?  He offered them citizenship

20. 37. What type of people in ancient Rome benefitted the most from the Five Good Emperors?  The Poor 38. Why were Roman Roads important? 1.It allowed for ideas and communications to spread quickly and easily. 2. It allowed for goods to be traded easily and quickly throughout the Roman Empire 3. It allowed for the quick movement of the military throughout the empire.

21. 39. How did Emperor Justinian change Rome’s laws?  He created a more organized code of laws. 40. Which religion did Rome convert to?  Christianity