1. Europska unija i višejezičnost
Marina Petrić
Europska komisija
Glavna uprava za pismeno prevođenje

2. EU i višejezičnost jezična raznolikost u Europskoj uniji
24 službena jezika
60-ak regionalnih i manjinskih jezika
The protection of Europe’s language diversity is anchored both in the European Charter of Fundamental Rights and in the Treaty on the European Union.
The Charter of Fundamental rights has three notions of protection for multilingualism:
Protection of linguistic and cultural diversity.
Protection against discrimination based on (race, ethnicity, religion and) language.
Right of the citizen to address the EU in their own (official EU) language, and the right to receive a response in the same language.
All binding EU legislation is published in all the official EU languages (except Irish, under a derogation scheme until 2017).

3. Kretanje broja službenih jezika EU-a24
The predecessor of the European Union – The European Communities – started with only 4 official languages. Now we have six times more languages and 46 times more language pairs (552 versus 12) to translate between. At the same time, the volumes of text to translate has multiplied, and translations are needed even more quickly – sometimes instantaneously (for example, in online conversation situations that occur in online public services).
To respond to this, we need better tools for translators to improve their efficiency. At the same time, we need to automate all tasks that can be automated. By improving the quality and coverage of automated translation, we enable a modern and efficient multilingual Europe.

4. EU i višejezičnost
Ravnopravnost službenih jezika EU-a zajamčena je europskim zakonodavstvom:
Ugovor o funkcioniranju Europske unije
Građani imaju pravo obratiti se službenim tijelima EU-a na bilo kojem službenom jeziku EU-a te dobiti odgovor na istom jeziku.
Uredba Vijeća br. 1/58
Uredbe i drugi dokumenti opće primjene sastavljaju se na službenim jezicima.
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Article 342:
"The rules governing the languages of the institutions of the Union shall, without prejudice to the provisions contained in the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, be determined by the Council, acting unanimously by means of regulations.“  Council Regulation 1/1958
Treaty on European Union, Article 55:
“1. This Treaty, drawn up in a single original in the Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish languages, the texts in each of these languages being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the Italian Republic, which will transmit a certified copy to each of the governments of the other signatory States.
2. This Treaty may also be translated into any other languages as determined by Member States among those which, in accordance with their constitutional order, enjoy official status in all or part of their territory. A certified copy of such translations shall be provided by the Member States concerned to be deposited in the archives of the Council.”  additional languages
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Article 20:
Every citizen of the Union shall have “the right to petition the European Parliament, to apply to the European Ombudsman, and to address the institutions and advisory bodies of the Union in any of the Treaty languages and to obtain a reply in the same language”.
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Article 24:
“Every citizen of the Union may write to any of the institutions or bodies referred to in this Article or in Article 13 of the Treaty on European Union in one of the languages mentioned in Article 55(1) of the Treaty on European Union and have an answer in the same language.”
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Article 41:
“ Every person may write to the institutions of the Union in one of the languages of the Treaties and must have an answer in the same language”.

5. EU i višejezičnost
EU podržava provedbu politike višejezičnosti u praksi:
načelo iz Barcelone
prevoditeljske službe  prevođenje zakonodavstva
podrška za jezične tehnologije i njihovo korištenje u radu
The European commitment to multilingualism in Europe is evident in such goals as to have all European citizens able to speak in at least two languages besides their mother tongue. The European Commission has been supporting multilingualism in Europe through encouraging foreign language learning and supporting exchange programmes such as Erasmus and various other EU programmes for education and training. Such measures certainly contribute to European integration process and increase the mutual understanding among the Europeans but are not sufficient to remove the language barriers, especially those fragmenting the online space.
The EU has supported research and innovation projects in the area of language technologies in the framework of FP6, FP7, CIP and H2020 programmes with over 200 MIO EUR funding. The portfolio of supported actions covered areas ranging from machine translation, computer-assisted translation, multilingual publishing, to speech recognition, dialogue systems and multilingual analytics.
The Commission has been supporting the use of language technologies in public administrations. In particular, the Directorate-General for translation (DGT) has been over the last years increasingly investing in Language Technology to support the human translation of EU legislative texts and to support national public administrations in their communication tasks. The machine translation system developed by DGT is currently available to staff of the EU institutions and bodies and to national administrations of EU Member States. It powers a number of public online services such as the Internal Market Information (IMI) System or Solvit. The integration into more online services, like the e-Justice portal, nLex, TED, Joinup, etc, is ongoing. is also a component in CEF Automated Translation (see next section).
The European Commission is providing support to the deployment of mature language technologies through the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) Programme. DG CONNECT implements focused deployment actions under the CEF programme to make pan-European digital public services such as Europeana, Open Data Portal or Online Dispute Resolution platform multilingual and accessible across all EU languages. For this purpose, 12 MIO EUR funding has been allocated to Automated Translation in the work programmes 2014 and 2015 of CEF.

6. Jezični stručnjaci u europskim institucijama
Pismeni prevoditelji: ± 4300
Usmeni prevoditelji: ± 1000
Europski gospodarski
i socijalni odbor
Parlament
Europska središnja banka
Vijeće
The European Commission’s DGT, is just one, although the largest, of many similar services working in all EU institutions. You have translation departments at the European Parliament, the Council, the Court of Justice and the Court of Auditors, the European Social and Economic Committee and the Committee of the Regions, the European Central Bank and the European Investment Bank. There’s also a Translation Centre for EU agencies and bodies. All in all, translation work occupies around internal staff and hundreds of companies providing freelance translators.
The Commission’s pool of freelance translators is around 600 companies and individual translators.
Number of interpreters: 910 (SCIC 600, EP 260, CoJ 50).
SCIC’s pool of accredited freelance interpreters is around 3000.
Why have separate translation services? Institutions have different roles and different text-types (CoJ most extreme example). Studies have indicated that coordinating such a big group of translators would not be efficient.
Prevoditeljski centar
Odbor regija
Sud Europske unije
Revizorski sud 6

7. Prevoditelji u institucijama EU-a
Size differences of the EU translation services, measured by the number of staff.

8. Glavna uprava za pismeno prevođenje
Približno 2500 prevoditelja i pomoćnog osoblja
50 % u Bruxellesu
50 % u Luxembourgu
Područni uredi u u državama članicama
The 2500 staff includes all staff categories, i.e. permanent, contract, temporary, seconded national experts, trainees and interim.
Our mission:
We provide the European Commission with high-quality translation and other language services. Our job is to respect the European Union's multilingual character by making sure the Commission produces clearly written documents in all the official languages, and in others as well.
Our main function is to:
translate laws, policy papers, reports, correspondence and other written texts drafted by or sent to the Commission
help the Commission communicate with the public in all EU official languages
edit original documents drafted by Commission authors, who routinely write in languages other than their own
advise other Commission departments on linguistic matters and on managing multilingual websites.

9. 2014. prevedeno je više od 2,3 milijuna kartica teksta
Note: The chart shows the volume of documents sent to DGT for translation – NOT the total volume of documents drafted in the Commission. DGT doesn’t keep records of documents that never come to its workflow.

10. Jezik izvornika (%) ostali engleski francuski njemački 81 % 12,5 %
After the 2004 EU enlargement, the number of pages drafted in English has been constantly increasing. It has become the principal drafting language inside the Commission because it is the second language of a large number of the Commission officials today.
Information sent to the Commission by the Member States has increased in line with every enlargement, and so has the number of pages translated into EN, FR and DE. These procedural languages are used internally – English and French the most - so that Commission officials can understand documents sent by the MS.
2015: EN 81%
FR 3.7%
DE 2.8%
Others 12.5%
ostali
12,5 %
francuski
njemački
3,7 %
2,8 %

11. Broj prevedenih kartica po ciljnom jeziku za 2015. (%)
The high number of pages translated into EN reflects the large number of documents received from the Member States in all their languages. These have to be translated into a language understandable to Commission officials.
Explanation of the language abbreviations:
BG: Bulgarian; ES: Spanish; CS: Czech; DA: Danish; DE: German; ET: Estonian; EL: Greek; EN: English; FR: French; GA: Irish; IT: Italian; LV: Latvian; LT: Lithuanian; HR: Croatian; HU: Hungarian; MT: Maltese; NL: Dutch; PL: Polish; PT: Portuguese; RO: Romanian; SK: Slovak; SL: Slovenian; FI: Finnish; SV: Swedish.

12. Elektronički jezični resursi i alati
CAT alati  Trados Studio
spremišta dokumenata i prijevoda:
Euramis
DGT Vista Idol
EUR-Lex (javno dostupan)
terminološke baze:
IATE (javno dostupan)
– sustav za strojno prevođenje (dostupan)
DGT TM (JRC) (javno dostupan)
The Commission Communication on the Digital Single Market strategy was published by vice president Andrus Ansip and commissioner Guenther Oettinger on 6 May It sets up an ambitious agenda to fill the "missing link" of the single market and respond to the rapidly growing importance of the digital market where more and more transactions and economic activity takes place. There are a number of barriers (legal, institutional, cultural) that hamper the achievement of the Digital Single Market. Language barriers are the most obvious: if the web site is not in a language that you understand, you will not buy a product. The online market is fragemented by language: consumers must settle for the providers that offer website and support in their language (although more affordable and better products might be available in sites using other languages).

13. EUR-Lex: javno dostupno zakonodavstvo EU-a
eur-lex.europa.eu
Primjer: Regulation 1/58 with multilingual display in 3 languages
EUR-Lex provides free access to European Union law and other documents considered to be public. The website is available in 24 official languages of the European Union. You can choose your preferred language from the language bar at the top of the home page.
The contents of the site amount to some documents, with texts dating back to The database is updated daily and every year around documents are added.
EUR-Lex offers: daily editions of the Official Journal of the European Union online, simple and advanced search, multilingual search, possibility to display and/or download documents (PDF, HTML, DOC, TIFF), analytical metadata for each document.

14. IATE: javna višejezična terminološka baza
iate.europa.eu
Example: the term ‘European Union’ in EN and FR.
IATE (= “Inter-Active Terminology for Europe”) is a shared terminology database of all the EU institutions. It contains around 9 million terms, 0.5 million abbreviations and 0.15 million phrases in all 24 official EU languages, Latin, for botanical and zoological names, plus some other languages. It covers all the fields of activity of the EU and is managed by the EU institutions:
European Commission
Parlament
Vijeće
Sud
Revizorski sud
European Economic and Social Committee and Committee of the Regions
Europska središnja banka
Europska investicijska banka
Translation Centre for the bodies of the EU
High interest by the public: Peaks of more than queries per day, or above 7 million per month.
Two interfaces: one internal and one publicly accessible from the website

15. MT@EC: novi sustav za strojno prevođenje
podržava sve službene jezike EU-a
na raspolaganju svim zaposlenicima Komisije te ostalih institucija i agencija Europske unije
the machine translation system developed by DGT
is available to all Commission and DGT staff via a dedicated Web interface
covers all official EU languages
offers 552 language pairs of which 73 are direct, while the remaining ones are available through a pivot language (EN)
is based on data-driven, or statistical approach (SMT) – the previous system ECMT was rule-based. Such systems learn from human translations, i.e. their quality ‘evolves’ as they are being used.
makes efficient use of the language resources available in the Commission (text corpora, translation memories, dictionaries, terminology databases, etc.), and of the language applications and linguistic expertise available in DGT.
enables Member States to overcome language barriers when operating across borders.
We are collecting data from national administrations to improve

16. rezultati
the machine translation system developed by DGT
is available to all Commission and DGT staff via a dedicated Web interface
covers all official EU languages
offers 552 language pairs of which 73 are direct, while the remaining ones are available through a pivot language (EN)
is based on data-driven, or statistical approach (SMT) – the previous system ECMT was rule-based. Such systems learn from human translations, i.e. their quality ‘evolves’ as they are being used.
makes efficient use of the language resources available in the Commission (text corpora, translation memories, dictionaries, terminology databases, etc.), and of the language applications and linguistic expertise available in DGT.
enables Member States to overcome language barriers when operating across borders.
We are collecting data from national administrations to improve

17. Tko još može koristiti MT@EC?
(europske institucije i tijela)
sveučilišta članovi mreže EMT
tijela javne uprave u zemljama EGP-a
internetski servisi koje financira ili podržava EU
Zatražite pristup:
It powers a number of public online services such as the Internal Market Information (IMI) System or Solvit. The integration into more online services, like the e-Justice portal, nLex, TED, Joinup, etc, is ongoing. is also a component in CEF Automated Translation (see next section).
The Internal Market Information system (IMI) is an IT-based information network that links up national, regional and local authorities across borders. It enables them to communicate quickly and easily with their counterparts abroad.
IMI contains, most importantly:
a multilingual search function that helps competent authorities to identify their counterparts in another country;
pre-translated questions and answers for all cases where they are likely to need information from abroad; and
a tracking mechanism that allows users to follow the progress of their information requests and that allows IMI coordinators at national or regional level to intervene if there are problems.

18. Jedinstveno digitalno tržište
potencijalna vrijednost: 340 milijardi eura
europsko digitalno tržište je višejezično:
90 % europskih potrošača radije koristi web-stranice na vlastitom jeziku
82 % web-trgovina je jednojezično
42 % korisnika interneta nikada ne kupuje proizvode i usluge koje nisu na njihovu jeziku
digitalni javni sektor – dio strategije jedinstvenog digitalnog tržišta
340 billion in additional growth, hundreds of thousands of new jobs, and a vibrant knowledge-based society
90% of European consumers prefer to browse websites in their own language;
82% of the web shops are mono-lingual;
42% of multilingual internet users never purchase online products and services in languages other than their own.
jezične prepreke utječu na privatne i javne usluge
The Commission Communication on the Digital Single Market strategy was published by vice president Andrus Ansip and commissioner Guenther Oettinger on 6 May It sets up an ambitious agenda to fill the "missing link" of the single market and respond to the rapidly growing importance of the digital market where more and more transactions and economic activity takes place. There are a number of barriers (legal, institutional, cultural) that hamper the achievement of the Digital Single Market. Language barriers are the most obvious: if the web site is not in a language that you understand, you will not buy a product. The online market is fragmented by language: consumers must settle for the providers that offer website and support in their language (although more affordable and better products might be available in sites using other languages).

19. Paneuropske javne usluge
Instrument za povezivanje Europe (Connecting Europe Facility, CEF)
 CEF Digital = paneuropske infrastrukture za digitalne usluge:
e-pravosuđe
e-javna nabava
e-zdravstvo
Europeana
Portal otvorenih podataka
paneuropske javne usluge odnose se na čitavu Europsku uniju
ne postoji lingua franca
Connecting Europe Facility programme runs from 2014 until It provides EU financial assistance to trans-European networks. CEF Digital is part of the telecommunications package.
Digital Service Infrastructures (DSIs) will facilitate the cross-border and cross-sector interaction between European public administrations. This, in turn, will enable the provision of essential services for businesses and citizens in areas as diverse as electronic identification and procurement, and interoperable health services.
What is needed to make pan-European public online services possible?
CEF programme supports the emergence of the Digital Single Market. The DSM has to be multilingual because pan-European public services address the whole EU, as opposed to national online public services.
No lingua franca among public administrations in Europe - Less than half of Europeans know any English. One cannot assume a working level command of English or another common language if administrators from two countries need to work together.
Citizens want to use their own language when using public services online - pan-European online services serve users who speak 24 different languages, and who do not share any single common language.
Human translation is too expensive and too slow with the intended text volumes (e.g. eJustice portal)
Human translation is inappropriate in most of the use scenarios of public services (e.g. online communication in ODR)
Available online translators (e.g. Google Translate, Microsoft Bing) have gaps in language coverage (especially: the small EU languages as target language) and are not secure (e.g. patient data in eHealth systems cannot be sent to Google Translate)

20. Dio rješenja: CEF-ova platforma za automatsko prevođenje (CEF.AT)
Uz CEF.AT europske internetske javne usluge postat će višejezične.
Cilj
 sve javne digitalne usluge moći će koristiti svi europski građani, bez obzira na poznavanje stranih jezika
 lakša prekogranična razmjena informacija među tijelima javne i državne uprave
The purpose of the Automated Translation building block is, on one hand, to provide multilingual support to other pan-European DSIs so that citizens, administrations and companies in all EU countries can use them in their own language, and, on the other, to offer automated translation services to public administrations to facilitate cross-border information exchange.

21. Uloga država članica
aktivno pridonijeti što boljoj podršci za vlastiti jezik u okviru platforme CEF.AT
potrebni paralelni tekstovi za "uvježbavanje" platforme u specijaliziranim područjima
CEF will support all Member States (plus NO and IS) to improve the quality of translation of their languages.
Member States have a crucially important role, as they know best what is the required/reasonable level of quality of their language, when translated automatically, for any given purpose.
Also, Member States know best the needs of their citizens and companies as users of the CEF public services. Finally (and this is the point of this workshop), Member States can offer valuable raw material for developing automated solutions – texts and their translations, multilingual terminology lists etc. With the material that you can provide, we can make the automated translation of your language better.

22. Prednosti CEF.AT-a za države članice
besplatna usluga automatskog prevođenja za tijela državne i javne uprave
lakša razmjena informacija
paneuropske javne usluge postaju dostupnije građanima te tijelima državne i javne uprave
By making sure that enough relevant language resources for your language (parallel corpora…) are available to CEF.AT you increase the quality of the machine translations read by your citizens, businesses and administrators who will be engaging in cross-border activities in Europe. This will enable your citizens, businesses and administrators to operate on the pan-European Digital Single Market.
You make it easier for your citizens to participate and for businesses to be competitive in European Digital Single Market.
It will make pan-European public services more accessible to your citizens and administrators by reducing the language barrier
Companies in your country can participate in calls for tenders in other EU countries
Your citizens can find out about their rights in the EU, file complaints, access legal documents, use health services in the EU -- using their own language
1 for the duration of the CEF programme

23. Pitanja?

24. Thank you very much! Hartelijk dank! Muito obrigado!
Ďakujeme vám veľmi pekne!
Go raibh maith agaibh!
Tack så mycket!
Kiitos!
Mulţumesc!
¡Muchas gracias!
Σας ευχαριστούμε πολύ!
Nuoširdžiai dėkojame!
Mockrát děkujeme!
Merci beaucoup !
Vielen Dank!
Suur tänu!
 Liels paldies!
Nirringrazzjawk ħafna!
Grazie mille!
Mange tak!
Najlepša hvala!
Dziękujemy za uwagę!
Много Ви благодарим!
Köszönjük szépen!
Hvala lijepa!