1. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 12 Computers and Technology in Health Care

2. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:1 Introduction Computer literacy is a health care necessity – Information systems – Diagnostic testing – Treatment – Patient monitoring – Educational tools – Research – Communication

3. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:2 Components of a Computer System Electronic device that is a complete information-processing center Computers vary in size – Microcomputer – Laptop – Personal computer – Mainframe

4. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:2 Components of a Computer System (continued) Hardware – Machine components: keyboard, CPU, disk drive, monitor Software – Programs or instructions that run the hardware

5. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Input Devices Information is entered into the computer by means of an input device Touch screen monitor Optical disks Optical scanner Mouse Light pen

6. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Processes all information or data entered into the computer Acts as the “ brain ” of the computer Internal memory unit (ROM, RAM) Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) Control unit

7. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Output Devices Finished work of the computer Occurs after data has been processed by CPU Printer Monitor Forms of output include hard copy, monitor display

8. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Ergonomics Applied science to promote safety and well- being Adapting the environment and using techniques to prevent injury Lighting, positioning of computer keyboard/monitor, chair with support, posture

9. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:3 Computer Applications Information systems – Word processing – Compiling databases – Electronic medical record exchange (EMRX) – Scheduling

10. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:3 Computer Applications (continued) Information systems (continued) – Maintaining financial records – Maintaining inventories and ordering supplies – Developing spreadsheets

11. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:3 Computer Applications (continued) Information systems are used by – Health information technicians (admissions technicians) – Physicians – Pharmacists – Dieticians – Laboratory technicians – Nurses – Environmental service workers

12. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Diagnostics Tests to diagnose or rule out disease – May be invasive or noninvasive Electrocardiogram (ECG) Stress test Echocardiograph Computerized tomography (CT)

13. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Diagnostics (continued) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Positron emission tomography (PET) Ultrasonography Digital radiography Computer-aided detection (CADe) or computer-aided diagnosis (CADx)

14. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Treatment Lasers Robotic surgery or computer-assisted surgery Image-guided surgery (IGS) Radiation therapy Computer-aided design (CAD)

15. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Treatment (continued) Ultrasound Hearing assistive technology Automated drug dispensing systems (ADDS) Automated storage and dispensing cabinets or carts (ADCs)

16. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Patient Monitoring Pulse oximeters Fetal heart monitors Incubators with computer-controlled photo (light) therapy Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) Global positioning satellites (GPS)

17. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Education Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) Patient-education software/DVDs Internet for distance learning and continuing education units (CEUs)

18. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Research National Library of Medicine database, MEDLINE – Free access at PubMed MedlinePlus Bioinformatics – Rapid scientific progress through information sharing

19. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Communication Networks – Computers linked together in health care facilities Internet – Links computers located around the world Electronic mail (e-mail)

20. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Communication (continued) Telemedicine for medical/health care use Electronic medicine for contacting physicians – Web visit between patient and physician Telepharmacies speed up the process of dispensing medicines

21. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Communication (continued) Online or virtual communities – Social networks – Blogs – Online discussion groups – Automatic mailings such as LISTSERVE

22. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:4 Using the Internet Network of computer users Medical updates Information on new procedures Aid in making diagnoses Used for expediency in organ transplants

23. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:4 Using the Internet (continued) Defined as a database of Internet files Parts of search engines or service – Search program – Index – Retrieval program

24. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:4 Using the Internet (continued) Search engines – America On Line – Ask – Bing – DuckDuckGo – Google – Lycos – Yahoo

25. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:4 Using the Internet (continued) Search limitations – Identify key words – Use an advanced search – Use different search engines – Evaluate information sources

26. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:5 Computer Protection and Security Health care computerized records must be safe and secure Loss of information can result from electrical surges, power outages, viruses, hackers

27. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:5 Computer Protection and Security (continued) Protect computers from electrical surges and power outages – Uninterrupted power supply (UPS) – Daily backups onto optical disks, flash drives, external hard drives

28. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:5 Computer Protection and Security (continued) Protect computers from loss by fire, natural disasters, or theft – Storage of data in a safe and secure external location – Computer security company can perform and store backups

29. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:5 Computer Protection and Security (continued) Viruses are programs that – Alter the operation of computer programs – Erase or scramble data on a computer – Allow access to information on a computer Installation of antivirus software will provide protection

30. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:5 Computer Protection and Security (continued) Other computers, outside programs, and hackers can gain access Firewalls are needed for protection Network database computers only within the health care facility Use a dedicated computer to send information to outside sources

31. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:5 Computer Protection and Security (continued) Confidentiality is of utmost importance for patient records Guidelines have been established Privacy Rule of the Health Insurance and Portability Act (HIPAA)

32. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:5 Computer Protection and Security (continued) Wireless technology creates security risks Use a security code to prevent unauthorized access Encryption programs can secure information Do not send personal information using a public wireless or WiFi connection

33. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:5 Computer Protection and Security (continued) Passwords must be kept confidential – Do not let others see the keyboard when the password is entered Others should not be able to see a screen if confidential patient information is visible Clear monitor screens before leaving work area

34. Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12:5 Computer Protection and Security (continued) Do not open e-mails or files from unknown parties Follow instructions if a virus or firewall alert occurs Discarded hard copies must be shredded