1. Presented by : Mohamed ali Mohamed ibrahim Jok chuau

2. Classification Kingdom:Animalia Superphylum:lophotrochozoa Clade:brachiozoa Phylum:brachiopoda

3. Morphology

6. environment  aquatic, marine animal(brakish)  Live in shallow  pH<7  Acidic

7. Mode of live

8. Function morphology Brachiopods are solitary, entirely marine animals, each with a shell consisting of two opposing parts (valves) that enclose most of the soft body. The animal and its shell are bilaterally symmetrical about a plane drawn perpendicular to the line of contact of the closed valves (the commissure). In most brachiopods, the shell is made of calcite, but a few groups have shells made of calcium phosphate with varying amounts of organic material

9. Feeding  Inside the shell is the feeding structure characteristic of the brachiopods-the lophophore. This consists of a pair of ciliated, twisted projections that create water currents and then filter out microscopic food particles. Often the lophophore has a calcareous supporting brachidium. Fossil and Recent brachiopods have a variety of accessory supports for the feeding apparatus.

10. Valve movement

11. Geological history  Over 12,000 fossil species are recognized, grouped into over 5,000. While the largest modern brachiopods are 100 millimetres (3.9 in) long, a few fossils measure up to 200 millimetres (7.9 in) wide The earliest confirmed brachiopods have been found in the early Cambrian, inarticulate forms appearing first, followed soon after by articulate forms. [ Three unmineralized species have also been found in the Cambrian, and apparently represent two distinct groups that evolved from mineralized ancestors The inarticulate Lingulais often called a "living fossil", as very similar genera have been found all the way back to the Ordovician. On the other hand, articulate brachiopods have produced major diversifications, and suffered severe mass extinctions ] —but the articulate Rhynchonellida and Terebratulida, the most diverse present-day groups, appeared at the start of the Ordovician and Carboniferous respectively.Cambrian [Lingulaliving fossilgeneraOrdovicianmass extinctions ]Carboniferous