1. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions Jose Manuel Valladares Pernas CIS Master Project - Fall 2004 Advisor: Dr. Haiping Xu

2. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions What is an agent? An intelligent agent is a semi-autonomous computer program capable of carrying out one or more tasks specified by the user or another program. Like a software ‘robot’ capable of being programmed to carry out a wide variety of tasks. Main Properties Autonomy: agents operate without the direct intervention of humans or others, and have some kind of control over their actions and internal state. Social Ability: agents interact with other agents (and possibly humans) via some kind of agent-communication language. Reactivity: agents perceive their environment, and respond in a timely fashion to changes that occur in it. Pro-activeness: agents do not simply act in response to their environment, they are able to exhibit goal-directed behavior by taking the initiative.

3. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions Objective of the Project Design and develop an auction system based on an existing multi-agents framework (JADE). Provide an agent system that facilitates online auctions on behalf of users. Provide agents to the users with different strategies for the searching and bidding on items. Test and compare the different strategies for searching and bidding for items. Requirements of the System Allow different types of auctions (English, Dutch, …). For every type of auction provide several strategies for the agents. In addition of delegating the searching and bidding to the agents, the user can also interact with the system directly.

4. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions Description of JADE JADE stands for Java Agent Development Framework (www.jade.tilab.com).www.jade.tilab.com Open source platform implemented in Java (ubiquity, portability). Complies with the FIPA specification. Support asynchronous message passing communication. Features of JADE Agents can be distributed across machines. Supports agent migration. Includes graphical tools to monitor the agents. LEAP add-on lightweight libraries to use in mobile phones or PDAs.

5. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions Architecture

6. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions Another view

7. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions Main Agent Responsible to create new users, login, create auctions and get the list of auctions. Creates the Auction Agent when a new auction is added to the system. Responds to the queries for items or auctions. Auction Agent In charge of the control of a particular auction. Users register to the auction and then send bids to the Auction Agent. The Auction Agent notifies the registered users of the price changes of the item. At the end of the auction, this agent notifies the winner and the seller and passes control to the Main Agent. When the auction is over, this agent is deleted.

8. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions GUI Agent Receives commands from the user and acts correspondingly. It doesn’t have pro-active behavior. It does all the actions available in the user interface. Updates the auction information when messages are received from the other agents. Bidding Agent It is responsible of placing bids automatically on behalf of the user. It can be configured by the user using one of the available strategies (OneShotBid, PeriodicBid, AlwaysFirst, …). Search Agent Responsible for searching for items on behalf of the user. Notifies the user when auctions of her desired items are available.

9. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions Auction State Diagram

10. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions JADE Behaviours A behaviour is basically an Event Handler, a method which describes how an agent reacts to an event: the reception of a message or a Timer interrupt. The Event Handler code is placed in a method called action. Every behaviour is scheduled following a round robin algorithm. Methods of the agents involving behaviours: addBehaviour, removeBehaviour. Examples of Behaviours already included in JADE: SimpleBehaviour CyclicBehaviour TickerBehaviour WakerBehaviour ReceiverBehaviour ParallelBehaviour SequentialBehaviour

11. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions Class Diagram of the System

12. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions Detail of Strategies

13. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions How it works Every strategy (BidConfiguration) contains an object behaviour that extends one of the JADE Behaviours. In the action of the behaviour is where the negotiation for the bidding happens. The BidConfiguration object contains also a JPanel where the user enters the parameters for the bidding. This JPanel is displayed inside a Dialog where the user chooses the strategy with a combo box.

14. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions How it works (II) When the user enters the information for the automatic bidding: The BidConfiguration object is populated with the data and passed to the BiddingAgent. The BiddingAgent calls the setupBehaviour method that registers the behaviour object contained in the BidConfiguration. When the event that the behaviour is listening to happens the method action is called and the bidding happens.

15. Multi-Agent System for Online Auctions Steps to Add a new Strategy Create a class that implements IBidConfiguration. Contains a JPanel to show for the strategy configuration. Contains a behaviour that extends one of the JADE Behaviours. Current status of the Project Implementation finished. Pending Test cases. Pending Final Document.