1. BUCKY BALLS

2. INTRODUCTIONWHAT ARE PROPERTY?USE (APPLICATION) OF BUCKY BALLBUCKY BALL SYNTHESISREACTION OF BUCKY BALLSAFETY AND TOXICITYSUMMARY & REFRENCE 2 zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com

3. 3 “Buckyball” is the common name for a molecule called Buckminsterfullerene. which is made of 60 carbon atoms formed in the shape of a hollow ball. Fullerenes were first discovered in 1985 by Richard Smalley from Rice University.. “Buckyball” is the common name for a molecule called Buckminsterfullerene. which is made of 60 carbon atoms formed in the shape of a hollow ball. Fullerenes were first discovered in 1985 by Richard Smalley from Rice University.. zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com

4. 4 720.642 g/mol IS A Molecular Weight OF C 60 zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com

5. 5 It is made up of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons with an unbonded electron surrounding each one of the 60 carbon atoms They were very hard to break apart, even at temperatures of nearly 1000 °C. Mass spectrometry analysis of the product indicated the formation of spheroidal carbon molecules. It is made up of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons with an unbonded electron surrounding each one of the 60 carbon atoms They were very hard to break apart, even at temperatures of nearly 1000 °C. Mass spectrometry analysis of the product indicated the formation of spheroidal carbon molecules. zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com

6. 6 Fullerenes are soluble in many aromatic solvents such as toluene and carbon disulphide,. The diameter of a C60 molecule is about 1 nanometer (nm). It is very strong, it can be twice as rigid as diamond. They reflect a fluorescent light. It is a very stable molecule.

7. zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com 7 APPLICATION Sunscreens due to photophysical properties Antibacterials due to redox and general chemical reactivity Superconducting materials due to physical properties Filter material above shows growth of bacterial colonies which impede flow. Filter below, with Carbon-60 added, has no colonies. Filter membrane Microscopy Drug deliver Used for made Television and Monitors ….ets

8. 8 Water-soluble fullerenes oxidatively cleave DNA when photo-excited C 60 -oligonucleotide complexes enable site-selective cleavage (at G sites) and water solubility Potentially applicable to photodynamic therapy (PEG derivatives Discovery of other methods could reduce cytotoxicity and enhance efficiency and reliability of transfection methods zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com

9. Fullerene Synthesis The three main ways to synthesis single walled carbon molecules, either buckyballs or nanotubes are: Electric Arc Discharge Laser Ablation Chemical Vapor Deposition 9 9

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11. 11  Cycloaddition chemistry  Diels-Alder  1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions  Carbene additions  Bingel cyclopropanation  Radical reactions  C 60 is stable to:  Weak acid/base  Mild oxidizing agents  Some mild reducing agents  Other common reaction conditions including peptide coupling conditions Yamago, S. et al. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 4796-4798. Diederich, F.; Thilgen, C. Science 1996, 271, 317-323. Cycloaddition chemistry Diels-Alder 1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions Carbene additions Bingel cyclopropanation Radical reactions C 60 is stable to: Weak acid/base Mild oxidizing agents Some mild reducing agents Other common reaction conditions including peptide coupling conditions Cycloaddition chemistry Diels-Alder 1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions Carbene additions Bingel cyclopropanation Radical reactions C 60 is stable to: Weak acid/base Mild oxidizing agents Some mild reducing agents Other common reaction conditions including peptide coupling conditions zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com 11

12. 12 Possible reactions C 60 and C 70 (to a lesser extent) may undergo Additions Polymerization Substitutions also possible (doping with boron) Taylor, Roger, and David R. Walton. "The Chemistry of Fullerenes." Nature 363 (1993): 685-693. 23 Mar. 2007 zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com

13. Addition of oxygen atoms zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com 13 Solutions of C 60 can be oxygenated to the epoxide C 60 O. Ozonation of C 60 in 1,2-xylene at 257K gives an intermediate ozonide C 60 O 3,.epoxide

14. 14 Chiang, L.Y. et al. Chem. Comm. 1992, 1791; Chiang, L.Y. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10154-10157; Li, J. et al. Chem. Comm. 1993, 1784-1785. The first water-soluble, non-aggregating C 60 derivatives Structure remains ill-defined and number of hydroxyls added is variant The first water-soluble, non-aggregating C 60 derivatives Structure remains ill-defined and number of hydroxyls added is variant zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com 14

15.  Addition of diazo compounds Addition of diazo compounds 15

16. 16 4 possible adducts from single addition of a diazo compound zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com

17. 17 Fullerenes with no functional groups can have positive effects and act as antioxidants. Fullerenes with functional groups can be highly toxic, but the danger is from the functional groups only, not the fullerenes.. Fullerenes with no functional groups can have positive effects and act as antioxidants. Fullerenes with functional groups can be highly toxic, but the danger is from the functional groups only, not the fullerenes.. zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com 17

18. C 60, buckyball, was the first fullerene discovered Variations of fullerenes include exohedral, endohedral and nanopeapods Synthesis challenges still exist for all variations of fullerenes because the mechanism of formation is still unknown zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com18

19.  http://www.tech-faq.com http://www.tech-faq.com  http://www.pearltrees.com. http://www.pearltrees.com  http://www.pothi.com http://www.pothi.com  http://books.google.co.in http://books.google.co.in  http://machinedesign.com/article/a-new-buckyball-bounces- into-town-0414 http://machinedesign.com/article/a-new-buckyball-bounces- into-town-0414  http://www.bristol.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/buckyball/ c60a.htm http://www.bristol.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/buckyball/ c60a.htm  http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downl oaddocument.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-275900-0 http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downl oaddocument.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-275900-0 19zagrozaqeanay @gmail.com

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